Thesis Diseño e implementación de un ecosistema de entrenamiento en realidad virtual para un centro de mantenimiento aeronáutico (CMA) Airbus A320/321: evaluación técnica, financiera y normativa
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Date
2026-07
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Program
Ingeniería en Aviación Comercial
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Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
La presente memoria propone el diseño e implementación de un Laboratorio de Entrenamiento en Realidad Extendida (XR) dentro de un Centro de Mantenimiento Aeronáutico (CMA) orientado a la familia Airbus A320/A321, ubicado en el Aeropuerto Internacional Arturo Merino Benítez de Santiago de Chile. La investigación responde a dos brechas del sector MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul) chileno: la dependencia de aeronaves en estado AOG para la instrucción práctica y la ausencia de reconocimiento explícito de las tecnologías inmersivas como medio de instrucción certificable en la normativa vigente de la DGAC Chile. Se adopta un enfoque aplicado, cuantitativo y descriptivo correlacional, basado en la revisión de literatura especializada, estudios empíricos de la industria aeronáutica y la evaluación de marcos regulatorios comparados. Se propone una arquitectura tecnológica de tres capas que integra plataformas de simulación XR, Sistemas de Gestión del Aprendizaje (LMS) y software MRO mediante API. Los resultados del análisis empírico indican que el entrenamiento inmersivo reduce los tiempos de ejecución de tareas técnicas entre un 30% y un 50%, y los errores críticos de mantenimiento hasta en un 45%, en comparación con métodos tradicionales. Asimismo, la evaluación mediante NASA-TLX identifica menores niveles de demanda mental y frustración durante el entrenamiento en realidad virtual, mientras que la precisión diagnóstica en boroscopía virtual alcanza un 87,4%, frente al 75,9% de los métodos convencionales. La evaluación financiera considera (...).
This thesis proposes the design and implementation of an Extended Reality (XR) Training Laboratory within an Aeronautical Maintenance Center (AMC) focused on the Airbus A320/A321 family, located at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. The research addresses two structural gaps in the Chilean MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul) sector: the dependency on Aircraft on Ground (AOG) for hands-on training — an operationally inefficient and economically unsustainable model — and the explicit regulatory gap within Chile's current civil aviation framework (DGAC), whose regulations DAN 65, DAN 145, and DAN 147 do not formally recognize immersive technologies as certifiable instructional means. The study adopts a quantitative, applied research approach with descriptive and correlational scope, grounded in a systematic review of specialized literature, empirical industry studies (EASA, FAA, PwC, CAE), and a comparative regulatory analysis. A three-layer technological architecture is proposed: XR simulation platforms (Virtual and Mixed Reality), Learning Management Systems (LMS), and MRO software integrated through APIs. Empirical results demonstrate that personnel trained in immersive environments reduce technical task execution times by 30% to 50% and critical maintenance errors (rework) by up to 45%, compared to traditional methods. Physiological assessment through the NASA-TLX workload index confirms significantly lower Mental Demand and Frustration during VR training, maximizing neuronal absorption of Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) procedures. Diagnostic accuracy in virtual borescopy reaches 87.4%, compared to 75.9% for conventional methods. The financial evaluation concludes (...).
This thesis proposes the design and implementation of an Extended Reality (XR) Training Laboratory within an Aeronautical Maintenance Center (AMC) focused on the Airbus A320/A321 family, located at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. The research addresses two structural gaps in the Chilean MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul) sector: the dependency on Aircraft on Ground (AOG) for hands-on training — an operationally inefficient and economically unsustainable model — and the explicit regulatory gap within Chile's current civil aviation framework (DGAC), whose regulations DAN 65, DAN 145, and DAN 147 do not formally recognize immersive technologies as certifiable instructional means. The study adopts a quantitative, applied research approach with descriptive and correlational scope, grounded in a systematic review of specialized literature, empirical industry studies (EASA, FAA, PwC, CAE), and a comparative regulatory analysis. A three-layer technological architecture is proposed: XR simulation platforms (Virtual and Mixed Reality), Learning Management Systems (LMS), and MRO software integrated through APIs. Empirical results demonstrate that personnel trained in immersive environments reduce technical task execution times by 30% to 50% and critical maintenance errors (rework) by up to 45%, compared to traditional methods. Physiological assessment through the NASA-TLX workload index confirms significantly lower Mental Demand and Frustration during VR training, maximizing neuronal absorption of Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) procedures. Diagnostic accuracy in virtual borescopy reaches 87.4%, compared to 75.9% for conventional methods. The financial evaluation concludes (...).
Description
Keywords
Entrenamiento aeronáutico, Realidad extendida, Simulación inmersiva, Realidad virtual, Realidad mixta, Mantenimiento, Normativa aeronáutica, Evaluación financiera
