Thesis Gestión de inventario en obra bajo metodologías modernas
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Date
2026
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Program
Arquitectura
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Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La gestión de inventario en obras de edificios residenciales de gran escala suele descansar en criterios intuitivos, lo que produce un patrón sistemático en el que el avance de obra depende de la disponibilidad efectiva del almacén más que del cronograma planificado. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo formular un protocolo técnico de gestión de inventario aplicable a obras de ese perfil, sin recurrir a software especializado ni a reformas estructurales en la empresa constructora. El estudio se desarrolla sobre ocho meses de práctica proyectual en el Edificio Panoramic de Tauro Construcciones S.A., en La Paz, tomado como caso empírico de referencia. El método combina observación directa en obra, entrevistas y aplicación de un Value Stream Mapping al flujo del cemento durante la etapa de tabiquería. Los resultados del diagnóstico revelan un ciclo total de abastecimiento de seis a doce días, con menos del diez por ciento de tiempo con valor añadido, y documentan un episodio de seis jornadas continuas de paralización de cuatro frentes de trabajo. El cálculo técnico aplicado al consumo registrado arroja un buffer de 307 bolsas y un punto de reorden de 366 bolsas, valores que sustituyen al criterio visual de 200 bolsas usado por el almacenero. A partir de estos resultados se concluye que la combinación de dos metodologías permite cubrir el espectro completo del problema: No-Inventario para materiales con proveedor confiable y Buffer calculado por Teoría de las Restricciones para materiales con proveedor variable. La aplicabilidad de la propuesta se materializa en un protocolo de cuatro fases implementable en ocho semanas, replicable en obras residenciales con almacén de capacidad limitada y proveedores de confiabilidad heterogénea.
Inventory management on large-scale residential construction projects typically relies on intuitive criteria, producing a systematic pattern in which on-site progress depends on the actual availability of stored materials rather than on the planned schedule. This research aims to formulate a technical protocol for inventory management applicable to projects of this profile, without relying on specialized software or structural reforms within the construction company. The study is based on eight months of professional practice at the Panoramic Building of Tauro Construcciones S.A., in La Paz, taken as the empirical reference case. The method combines direct on-site observation, interviews and the application of Value Stream Mapping to the flow of cement during the partition wall stage. The diagnostic results reveal a total supply cycle of six to twelve days, with less than ten percent of value-added time, and document a six-day continuous shutdown of four active work fronts. The technical calculation applied to the recorded consumption yields a buffer of 307 bags and a reorder point of 366 bags, values that replace the visual threshold of 200 bags used by the storekeeper. From these results it is concluded that the combination of two methodologies covers the full scope of the problem: No-Inventory for materials with reliable suppliers, and a Buffer calculated through the Theory of Constraints for materials with variable suppliers. The applicability of the proposal takes shape in a four-phase protocol that can be implemented in eight weeks, replicable in residential projects with limited storage capacity and heterogeneous supplier reliability.
Inventory management on large-scale residential construction projects typically relies on intuitive criteria, producing a systematic pattern in which on-site progress depends on the actual availability of stored materials rather than on the planned schedule. This research aims to formulate a technical protocol for inventory management applicable to projects of this profile, without relying on specialized software or structural reforms within the construction company. The study is based on eight months of professional practice at the Panoramic Building of Tauro Construcciones S.A., in La Paz, taken as the empirical reference case. The method combines direct on-site observation, interviews and the application of Value Stream Mapping to the flow of cement during the partition wall stage. The diagnostic results reveal a total supply cycle of six to twelve days, with less than ten percent of value-added time, and document a six-day continuous shutdown of four active work fronts. The technical calculation applied to the recorded consumption yields a buffer of 307 bags and a reorder point of 366 bags, values that replace the visual threshold of 200 bags used by the storekeeper. From these results it is concluded that the combination of two methodologies covers the full scope of the problem: No-Inventory for materials with reliable suppliers, and a Buffer calculated through the Theory of Constraints for materials with variable suppliers. The applicability of the proposal takes shape in a four-phase protocol that can be implemented in eight weeks, replicable in residential projects with limited storage capacity and heterogeneous supplier reliability.
Description
Keywords
Gestión de inventario, No-inventario, Construcción residencial, Buffer de inventario
