Thesis Diseño de convertidor de potencia con fines eduacionales
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Date
2026-07-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Electrónica
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Hoy en día, las experiencias prácticas del laboratorio de Electrónica Industrial se verían enormemente beneficiadas al disponer de una estructura de convertidor segura y didáctica, que permita configurar distintas topologías y facilite el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. En este trabajo de título se presenta el diseño y la implementación de un convertidor de potencia de puente completo (full-bridge), concebido específicamente para mejorar los módulos existentes, priorizando en todo momento la protección del usuario y del equipo. El diseño propuesto se fundamenta en la separación estricta de dos grandes bloques: la etapa de potencia y la etapa de manejo de disparos. En la potencia, el sistema maneja un bus DC, apoyado por un condensador DC-link y emplea un módulo encapsulado con cuatro semiconductores IGBT, lo que minimiza la inductancia parásita. Por su parte, la etapa de control opera aislada galvánicamente, utilizando receptores de señales PWM por fibra óptica para asegurar la inmunidad frente al ruido electromagnético y fuentes independientes para cada gate driver. Para garantizar la integridad del convertidor frente a errores de operación en el laboratorio, se desarrollaron lógicas de conmutación mediante dos modos de funcionamiento seleccionables a través de un switch mecánico. El modo complementario inyecta de forma analógica un tiempo muerto fijo, mientras que el modo independiente utiliza compuertas lógicas (AND/NOT) para bloquear físicamente el encendido simultáneo de los transistores de una misma rama, previniendo cortocircuitos cruzados. Todo este modelado matemático y de simulación se materializó en el diseño de una placa de circuito impreso (PCB), aplicando rigurosas reglas de espaciado eléctrico para separar los planos de potencia de los de disparo. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo la validación experimental con pruebas a 30 V; los resultados de voltaje y corriente sobre una carga RLC confirmaron que el equipo físico replica con gran exactitud el comportamiento proyectado en las simulaciones, consolidando una plataforma confiable para la docencia.
Nowadays, practical experiences in the Industrial Electronics laboratory would greatly benefit from having a safe and educational converter structure that allows configuring different topologies and facilitates student learning. This degree thesis presents the design and implementation of a full-bridge power converter specifically conceived to improve existing modules, prioritizing user and equipment protection at all times. The proposed design is based on the strict separation of two main blocks: the power stage and the gate driving stage. In the power stage, the system handles a DC bus supported by a DC-link capacitor and employs an encapsulated module with four IGBT semiconductors, which minimizes parasitic inductance. For its part, the control stage operates with galvanic isolation, utilizing fiber optic PWM signal receivers to ensure immunity against electromagnetic noise and independent power supplies for each gate driver. To guarantee the converter’s integrity against operational errors in the laboratory, switching logics were developed through two operating modes selectable via a mechanical switch. The complementary mode analogically injects a fixed dead time, while the independent mode uses logic gates (AND/NOT) to physically block the simultaneous turn-on of transistors in the same leg, preventing cross-conduction short circuits. All this mathematical and simulation modeling was materialized in the design of a printed circuit board (PCB), applying strict electrical spacing rules to separate the power planes from the driving planes. Finally, experimental validation was carried out with tests at 30 V; the voltage and current results on an RLC load confirmed that the physical equipment accurately replicates the behavior projected in the simulations, consolidating a reliable platform for teaching.
Nowadays, practical experiences in the Industrial Electronics laboratory would greatly benefit from having a safe and educational converter structure that allows configuring different topologies and facilitates student learning. This degree thesis presents the design and implementation of a full-bridge power converter specifically conceived to improve existing modules, prioritizing user and equipment protection at all times. The proposed design is based on the strict separation of two main blocks: the power stage and the gate driving stage. In the power stage, the system handles a DC bus supported by a DC-link capacitor and employs an encapsulated module with four IGBT semiconductors, which minimizes parasitic inductance. For its part, the control stage operates with galvanic isolation, utilizing fiber optic PWM signal receivers to ensure immunity against electromagnetic noise and independent power supplies for each gate driver. To guarantee the converter’s integrity against operational errors in the laboratory, switching logics were developed through two operating modes selectable via a mechanical switch. The complementary mode analogically injects a fixed dead time, while the independent mode uses logic gates (AND/NOT) to physically block the simultaneous turn-on of transistors in the same leg, preventing cross-conduction short circuits. All this mathematical and simulation modeling was materialized in the design of a printed circuit board (PCB), applying strict electrical spacing rules to separate the power planes from the driving planes. Finally, experimental validation was carried out with tests at 30 V; the voltage and current results on an RLC load confirmed that the physical equipment accurately replicates the behavior projected in the simulations, consolidating a reliable platform for teaching.
Description
Keywords
Puente completo (Full-bridge), Electrónica educacional, Aislamiento galvánico, Tiempos muertos, Convertidor de potencia, Módulo IGBT, Diseño de PCB
