Thesis Analisis de la resistencia al tracking de probetas de silicona bajo corriente continua y diferentes condiciones ambientales emuladas
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Date
2025-10
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Eléctrica
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La consolidación de un proyecto HVDC en Chile obliga a comprender con mayor profundidad el desempeño de los aisladores poliméricos expuestos a tensión continua en entornos áridos y salinos. En este contexto, la presente memoria estudia la resistencia al {tracking} y a la erosión de un compuesto de silicona HTV cuando actúan, de forma combinada, la polaridad del sistema, distintos niveles de contaminación superficial y el envejecimiento por radiación ultravioleta. El trabajo se justifica por la ausencia de datos públicos para condiciones locales y porque las normas IEC vigentes siguen basadas, en gran medida, en ensayos bajo corriente alterna. La investigación se estructura en tres etapas. Primero, se revisa la literatura técnica para identificar procesos normados que se puedan aplicar en línea con la investigación, para que todo lo realizado sea replicable en cualquier laboratorio y por todo el que lo requiera. En la segunda etapa se adapta el método de plano inclinado a un esquema DC de {$\pm$3.5}{kV}, se implementa un protocolo reproducible de deposición contaminante (clases E2, E3 y E5) y se acelera el envejecimiento mediante una dosis controlada de radiación UV equivalente a varios días de exposición real en el norte de chile. Se registran corrientes de fuga, pérdida de masa, cambios en la hidrofobicidad superficial y se inspecciona la integridad de los electrodos. Los resultados confirman que la severidad del fenómeno depende de la sinergia entre los tres factores estudiados. Bajo polaridad positiva se observan corrientes de fuga y tasas de erosión notablemente superiores a las registradas en polaridad negativa, mientras que la contaminación severa provoca incrementos sustanciales en los picos iniciales de corriente y acelera la pérdida de hidrofobicidad. El envejecimiento UV modifica las propiedades superficiales de la silicona y, al combinarse con contaminación salina, genera trayectorias de carbonización más extensas y profundas. Se constata, además, daños en los electrodos metálicos, lo que introduce un nuevo escenario de riesgo que suele omitirse en las evaluaciones convencionales centradas sólo en el polímero(...).
The consolidation of an HVDC project in Chile requires a deeper understanding of the performance of polymeric insulators under direct voltage in arid and saline environments. In this context, this thesis studies the resistance to tracking and erosion of an HTV silicone rubber when three factors act together: system polarity, different levels of surface contamination, and UV radiation ageing. The work is motivated by the lack of public data for local conditions and because current IEC standards are still largely based on AC tests. The research is organized in three stages. First, a review of standards and technical literature is used to select procedures that can be applied and replicated by other laboratories and future work. Second, the inclined-plane method is adapted to a DC scheme of ±3,5 kV; a reproducible contaminant deposition protocol is implemented (classes E2, E3, and E5); and the ageing is accelerated with a controlled UV dose equivalent to several days of real exposure in northern Chile. Measurements include leakage current, mass loss, changes in hydrophobicity, and inspection of electrode integrity. The results confirm that the severity of the phenomenon depends on the synergy among the three factors. Under positive polarity, leakage currents and erosion rates are clearly higher than under negative polarity; severe contamination produces large initial current peaks and accelerates hydrophobicity loss. UV ageing changes the surface properties and, combined with saline contamination, produces longer and deeper carbonized paths. Damage to the metallic electrodes is also observed, introducing an additional risk scenario that is often omitted when the evaluation focuses only on the polymer(...).
The consolidation of an HVDC project in Chile requires a deeper understanding of the performance of polymeric insulators under direct voltage in arid and saline environments. In this context, this thesis studies the resistance to tracking and erosion of an HTV silicone rubber when three factors act together: system polarity, different levels of surface contamination, and UV radiation ageing. The work is motivated by the lack of public data for local conditions and because current IEC standards are still largely based on AC tests. The research is organized in three stages. First, a review of standards and technical literature is used to select procedures that can be applied and replicated by other laboratories and future work. Second, the inclined-plane method is adapted to a DC scheme of ±3,5 kV; a reproducible contaminant deposition protocol is implemented (classes E2, E3, and E5); and the ageing is accelerated with a controlled UV dose equivalent to several days of real exposure in northern Chile. Measurements include leakage current, mass loss, changes in hydrophobicity, and inspection of electrode integrity. The results confirm that the severity of the phenomenon depends on the synergy among the three factors. Under positive polarity, leakage currents and erosion rates are clearly higher than under negative polarity; severe contamination produces large initial current peaks and accelerates hydrophobicity loss. UV ageing changes the surface properties and, combined with saline contamination, produces longer and deeper carbonized paths. Damage to the metallic electrodes is also observed, introducing an additional risk scenario that is often omitted when the evaluation focuses only on the polymer(...).
Description
Keywords
Aisladores poliméricos, Desempeño en ambientes áridos y salinos, Tracking y erosión, Envejecimiento acelerado, Materiales dieléctricos, Monitoreo en líneas HVDC