Thesis Caracterización de la rugosidad de discontinuidades del macizo rocoso y su influencia en el fracturamiento hidráulico
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Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
Actualmente en Chile los métodos de caving son técnicas de extracción utilizadas en la minería subterránea, la importancia del uso de estos métodos es que la minería pronto será solamente subterránea, esto debido a que no será aceptable remover/hacer acopios de estéril y que los yacimientos son cada vez más profundos ya que los superficiales se están agotando, estos métodos a pesar de estar diseñados para recuperar el mineral de manera segura y eficiente presentan desafíos como problemas de control de roca y la dilución del mineral. El preacondicionamiento en la minería es una serie de medidas de evaluación y preparación del área de trabajo donde su objetivo es minimizar los riesgos asociados a la actividad minera. Las minas evalúan la efectividad de los métodos de preacondicionamiento a través de monitoreos de producción y sísmicos basándose en cifras de producción tales como la tasa de extracción, fragmentación de la roca y porcentaje de obstrucción. El fracturamiento hidráulico se utiliza principalmente para preacondicionar el cuerpo mineral, donde se logra generar fracturas en el macizo rocoso por medio de la inyección de fluidos a presión, esta técnica ha tenido impactos positivos tales como la mejora en las tasas de hundimiento, la disminución del tamaño de los bloques que genera, lograr una mejor gestión de la sismicidad inducida y la propagación de la cavidad. La implementación de esta técnica será una herramienta esencial en la minería de caving, donde el objetivo principal de este trabajo es caracterizar la rugosidad de las discontinuidades del macizo rocoso a través de la cuantificación de su irregularidad superficial, con el propósito de establecer una metodología que permita clasificar distintos tipos de rugosidad y analizar su impacto en el comportamiento de un fluido dentro de una fractura.
Currently, in Chile, caving methods are extraction techniques used in underground mining. The importance of these methods lies in the fact that mining will soon be exclusively underground, as it will no longer be acceptable to remove or stockpile waste material, and ore deposits are becoming deeper as surface deposits are being depleted. Although these methods are designed to recover ore safely and efficiently, they present challenges such as rock control issues and ore dilution. Preconditioning in mining consists of a series of evaluation and preparation measures aimed at minimizing the risks associated with mining activities. Mines assess the effectiveness of preconditioning methods through production and seismic monitoring, relying on production figures such as extraction rates, rock fragmentation, and blockage percentages. Hydraulic fracturing is primarily used to precondition the orebody, where fractures are generated in the rock mass through the injection of pressurized fluids. This technique has shown positive impacts such as improved drawpoint caving rates, a reduction in the size of generated blocks, better management of induced seismicity, and enhanced propagation of the cave. The implementation of this technique is expected to become an essential tool in caving mining. The main objective of this work is to characterize the roughness of rock mass discontinuities by quantifying their surface irregularity, with the aim of establishing a methodology to classify different types of roughness and analyze their impact on the behavior of a fluid within a fracture.
Currently, in Chile, caving methods are extraction techniques used in underground mining. The importance of these methods lies in the fact that mining will soon be exclusively underground, as it will no longer be acceptable to remove or stockpile waste material, and ore deposits are becoming deeper as surface deposits are being depleted. Although these methods are designed to recover ore safely and efficiently, they present challenges such as rock control issues and ore dilution. Preconditioning in mining consists of a series of evaluation and preparation measures aimed at minimizing the risks associated with mining activities. Mines assess the effectiveness of preconditioning methods through production and seismic monitoring, relying on production figures such as extraction rates, rock fragmentation, and blockage percentages. Hydraulic fracturing is primarily used to precondition the orebody, where fractures are generated in the rock mass through the injection of pressurized fluids. This technique has shown positive impacts such as improved drawpoint caving rates, a reduction in the size of generated blocks, better management of induced seismicity, and enhanced propagation of the cave. The implementation of this technique is expected to become an essential tool in caving mining. The main objective of this work is to characterize the roughness of rock mass discontinuities by quantifying their surface irregularity, with the aim of establishing a methodology to classify different types of roughness and analyze their impact on the behavior of a fluid within a fracture.
Description
Keywords
Minería subterránea, Preacondicionamiento, Fracturamiento hidráulico, Discontinuidades, Rugosidad, Underground mining, Preconditioning, Hydraulic fracturing, Discontinuities, Roughness