Thesis Estudio experimental sobre la fractura de barras de refuerzo en elementos de hormigón armado con estribos inclinados, sometidos a solicitación sísmica
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Date
2025-08
Authors
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Program
Construcción Civil
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Durante la última década, el laboratorio LEMCO de la Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM) ha desarrollado investigaciones experimentales centradas en el comportamiento sísmico de vigas de hormigón armado con armadura transversal inclinada, donde han demostrado un excelente desempeño frente a cargas cíclicas equivalentes a solicitaciones sísmicas. Sin embargo, se ha identificado una falla recurrente e indeseable: la fractura de la armadura longitudinal, la cual generalmente ocurre después de la rotura del recubrimiento y pandeo de las barras comprimidas. Es por esto que, en este estudio, junto al memorista asociado Palacios(2025), se fabricaron y ensayaron seis vigas de hormigón armado, representando la zona de conexión viga-columna, utilizando versiones mejoradas de diseños previos propuestos por otros memoristas que incorporan armadura transversal adicional que trata de impedir el pandeo de las barras. Se construyeron y ensayaron cuatro probetas con estribos inclinados en dos planos y dos con estribos ortogonales tradicionales, para efectos de comparación. Teniendo en cuenta la tendencia actual, los hormigones fueron de mayor resistencia que los utilizados por memoristas anteriores. Los resultados confirmaron que los estribos inclinados mejoran significativamente la estabilidad frente a cargas cíclicas, en comparación con armaduras ortogonales tradicionales. El análisis de curvas de histéresis y registros visuales, incluidos los obtenidos con cámaras endoscópicas, evidenció una menor pérdida de integridad del hormigón en especímenes con estribos inclinados. Por otro lado, se vio que, excepto para solicitación muy intensa, un hormigón de menor resistencia con armadura inclinada tiene un comportamiento similar a un hormigón de alta resistencia con armadura tradicional, Entonces la conclusión final fue que, evitar o retrasar la fractura de las barras de refuerzo incorporando armadura adicional para restringir el pandeo es posible, pero se ve más práctico cuidar que la relación entre la capacidad mecánica del hormigón comprimido y la del acero traccionado se mantenga lo suficientemente baja.
During the last decade, LEMCO laboratory at the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM) has developed experimental investigations focused on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete beams with inclined transverse reinforcement, where they have demonstrated excellent performance against cyclic loads equivalent to seismic solicitation. However, a recurrent and undesirable failure has been identified: the fracture of the longitudinal reinforcement, which generally occurs after the rupture of the cover and buckling of the compressed bars. For this reason, in this study, together with the associated memorist Palacios(2025), six reinforced concrete beams were fabricated and tested, representing the beam-column connection zone, using improved versions of previous designs proposed by other memorists that incorporate additional transverse reinforcement that tries to prevent the buckling of the bars. Four specimens with inclined stirrups in two planes and two with traditional orthogonal stirrups were constructed and tested for comparison purposes. Considering the current trend, the concretes were of higher strength than those used by previous memoirs. The results confirmed that inclined stirrups significantly improve stability under cyclic loading compared to traditional orthogonal reinforcement. Analysis of hysteresis curves and visual records, including those obtained with endoscopic cameras, showed less loss of concrete integrity in specimens with inclined stirrups. On the other hand, it was seen that, except for very intense solicitation, a lower strength concrete with inclined reinforcement has a behavior similar to a high strength concrete with traditional reinforcement. The final conclusion was that, avoiding or delaying the fracture of the reinforcing bars by incorporating additional reinforcement to restrict buckling is possible, but is better that the ratio between the mechanical capacity of the compressed concrete and that of the tensioned steel remains sufficiently low.
During the last decade, LEMCO laboratory at the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM) has developed experimental investigations focused on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete beams with inclined transverse reinforcement, where they have demonstrated excellent performance against cyclic loads equivalent to seismic solicitation. However, a recurrent and undesirable failure has been identified: the fracture of the longitudinal reinforcement, which generally occurs after the rupture of the cover and buckling of the compressed bars. For this reason, in this study, together with the associated memorist Palacios(2025), six reinforced concrete beams were fabricated and tested, representing the beam-column connection zone, using improved versions of previous designs proposed by other memorists that incorporate additional transverse reinforcement that tries to prevent the buckling of the bars. Four specimens with inclined stirrups in two planes and two with traditional orthogonal stirrups were constructed and tested for comparison purposes. Considering the current trend, the concretes were of higher strength than those used by previous memoirs. The results confirmed that inclined stirrups significantly improve stability under cyclic loading compared to traditional orthogonal reinforcement. Analysis of hysteresis curves and visual records, including those obtained with endoscopic cameras, showed less loss of concrete integrity in specimens with inclined stirrups. On the other hand, it was seen that, except for very intense solicitation, a lower strength concrete with inclined reinforcement has a behavior similar to a high strength concrete with traditional reinforcement. The final conclusion was that, avoiding or delaying the fracture of the reinforcing bars by incorporating additional reinforcement to restrict buckling is possible, but is better that the ratio between the mechanical capacity of the compressed concrete and that of the tensioned steel remains sufficiently low.
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Keywords
Armadura transversal inclinada, Hormigón armado, Fractura refuerzo longitudinal, Inclined transverse reinforcement, Reinforced concrete, Longitudinal reinforcement fracture