Thesis Diseño semiautomático de rampas en minas a cielo abierto considerando switchbacks
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Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
La planificación estratégica es uno de los procesos más importantes e influyentes en la actividad minera. Este proceso toma gran relevancia ya que impacta de manera crucial en la extracción de material y desarrollo de cada faena minera.
En minería a cielo abierto el diseño de rampas y vías de acceso a los frentes de extracción es un componente esencial de la planificación. En la actualidad depende solamente de la experiencia y el tiempo que tenga el planificador para realizar un proceso iterativo de prueba y error hasta encontrar un diseño que cumpla con parámetros geométricos y geotécnicos, y un beneficio económico que pasa a depender enormemente del criterio del planificador.
Se ha creado un modelo de optimización para el cual se ha desarrollado un modelo matemático que permite asistir al diseño de rampas con la finalidad de maximizar el valor económico del diseño minero resultante. Esta metodología se ha probado en algunos casos de estudios en minería de superficie, aplicando casos de diseños de rampas con y sin cambios de sentido (switchbacks).
Debido a lo mencionado, en la memoria propuesta se busca validar el diseño de rampas en minería a cielo abierto considerando switchbacks a través del uso del modelo de optimización (Morales et al., 2017).
El modelo de optimización tiene como propósito maximizar el beneficio económico y reducir los tiempos requeridos para el diseño y la toma de decisiones. Para cumplir con el objetivo planteado, se propone llevar a cabo el diseño asistido de rampas en dos casos distintos. Los resultados obtenidos mediante esta metodología se compararán con los generados por la metodología manual de diseño de rampas. En cada caso, se evaluará el beneficio económico, así como los tonelajes de mineral y estéril extraídos, en relación con el pit final.
Strategic planning is one of the most important and influential processes in mining activities. This process is highly relevant as it has a crucial impact on material extraction and the development of each mining operation. In open-pit mining, the design of ramps and access roads to extraction fronts is an essential component of planning. Currently, this process relies solely on the experience and time available to the planner, who conducts an iterative trial-and-error approach to find a design that meets geometric and geotechnical parameters and achieves economic benefits, which heavily depend on the planner's judgment. An optimization model has been developed, along with a mathematical framework, to assist in the design of ramps with the aim of maximizing the economic value of the resulting mining design. This methodology has been tested in some case studies in surface mining, applying ramp designs with and without direction changes (switchbacks). In light of this, the proposed thesis aims to validate the design of ramps in open-pit mining considering switchbacks through the use of the optimization model (Morales et al., 2017). The optimization model seeks to maximize economic benefits while reducing the time required for design and decision-making. To achieve the stated objective, the assisted ramp design will be applied to two distinct case studies. The results obtained through this methodology will be compared with those generated by the manual ramp design approach. In each case, the economic benefit, as well as the tonnages of ore and waste extracted, will be evaluated in relation to the final pit.
Strategic planning is one of the most important and influential processes in mining activities. This process is highly relevant as it has a crucial impact on material extraction and the development of each mining operation. In open-pit mining, the design of ramps and access roads to extraction fronts is an essential component of planning. Currently, this process relies solely on the experience and time available to the planner, who conducts an iterative trial-and-error approach to find a design that meets geometric and geotechnical parameters and achieves economic benefits, which heavily depend on the planner's judgment. An optimization model has been developed, along with a mathematical framework, to assist in the design of ramps with the aim of maximizing the economic value of the resulting mining design. This methodology has been tested in some case studies in surface mining, applying ramp designs with and without direction changes (switchbacks). In light of this, the proposed thesis aims to validate the design of ramps in open-pit mining considering switchbacks through the use of the optimization model (Morales et al., 2017). The optimization model seeks to maximize economic benefits while reducing the time required for design and decision-making. To achieve the stated objective, the assisted ramp design will be applied to two distinct case studies. The results obtained through this methodology will be compared with those generated by the manual ramp design approach. In each case, the economic benefit, as well as the tonnages of ore and waste extracted, will be evaluated in relation to the final pit.
Description
Keywords
Modelo de optimización, Planificación, Minería a cielo abierto
