Thesis Rediseño de un gasificador rotatorio indirectamente irradiado para su operación con biomasa
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Date
2024
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto Fondecyt no1241030, titulado “Renewable hydrogen production from biomass using a novel allothermal rotary porous media reactor” o "Producción de hidrógeno renovable a partir de biomasa utilizando un prototipo de Reactor alotérmico rotatorio de medios porosos". El objetivo principal es rediseñar un reactor rotatorio de medio poroso híbrido, expuesto indirectamente a energía solar concentrada, para su operación con biomasa.
La introducción contextualiza el proyecto dentro del “Plan Nacional de Eficiencia Energética“ y la “Estrategia Nacional de Hidrógeno“ desarrollada por el Ministerio de Energía de Chile. A través de la ANID, este proyecto Fondecyt busca potenciar el hidrógeno como vector energético. Se explora el uso de energía solar para generar un gas de síntesis rico en hidrógeno, utilizando combustibles carbonosos como el carbón y la biomasa. El marco teórico presenta los fundamentos de este desarrollo, mientras que el estado del arte analiza los avances actuales, incluyendo tratamientos para la biomasa, fracciones volumétricas de hidrógeno obtenidas en desarrollos previos, y tipos de lechos utilizados para la gasificación.
El trabajo detalla el desarrollo actual para mejorar la calidad del gas de síntesis. Se describe la aplicación de mejoras en el reactor, como el rediseño de piezas para reducir las pérdidas de calor, optimización de la óptica para mejorar la transmisión de radiación, y mejoras en el manejo de gases y la hermeticidad del reactor. Estas mejoras son clasificadas en prioritarias, opcionales y descartadas según los criterios establecidos.
La puesta en marcha del reactor se realizó replicando experiencias de tesistas previos. Se aplicó calor a la placa receptora del reactor, se insertaron carbón y alúmina, se introdujo vapor, y se rotó el reactor para generar un gas de síntesis, el cual fue medido con un analizador de gases. Se presentan y discuten los resultados obtenidos en tres pruebas realizadas.
Finalmente, se plantean conclusiones y sugerencias para futuros trabajos, con el objetivo de que el proyecto continúe y se perfeccione, mejorando la eficiencia y sostenibilidad de la producción de hidrógeno a partir de biomasa.
This thesis is part of the Fondecyt project No. 1241030, titled Renewable hydrogen production from biomass using a novel allothermal rotary porous media reactor."The main objective is to redesign a hybrid rotary porous media reactor, indirectly exposed to concentrated solar energy, for biomass operation. The introduction contextualizes the project within the “Plan Nacional de Eficiencia Energética“ and the “Estrategia Nacional de Hidrógeno“ developed by the Ministry of Energy of Chile. Supported by ANID, this Fondecyt project aims to enhance hydrogen as an energy vector. It explores the use of solar energy to generate a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas using carbonaceous fuels such as coal and biomass. The theoretical framework presents the fundamentals of this development, while the state of the art reviews current advancements, including biomass treatments, volumetric fractions of hydrogen obtained in previous developments, and types of beds used for gasification. The work details the current development aimed at improving the quality of the synthesis gas. It describes the application of improvements to the reactor, such as the redesign of components to reduce heat losses, optimization of optics to enhance radiation transmission, and improvements in gas handling and reactor hermeticity. These improvements are classified as priority, optional, and discarded according to established criteria. The reactor was commissioned by replicating the experiences of previous thesis students. Heat was applied to the reactor’s receiver plate, coal and alumina were inserted, steam was introduced, and the reactor was rotated to generate a synthesis gas, which was measured with a gas analyzer. The results obtained in three tests are presented and discussed. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for future work are presented, with the aim of continuing and perfecting the project, improving the efficiency and sustainability of hydrogen production from biomass.
This thesis is part of the Fondecyt project No. 1241030, titled Renewable hydrogen production from biomass using a novel allothermal rotary porous media reactor."The main objective is to redesign a hybrid rotary porous media reactor, indirectly exposed to concentrated solar energy, for biomass operation. The introduction contextualizes the project within the “Plan Nacional de Eficiencia Energética“ and the “Estrategia Nacional de Hidrógeno“ developed by the Ministry of Energy of Chile. Supported by ANID, this Fondecyt project aims to enhance hydrogen as an energy vector. It explores the use of solar energy to generate a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas using carbonaceous fuels such as coal and biomass. The theoretical framework presents the fundamentals of this development, while the state of the art reviews current advancements, including biomass treatments, volumetric fractions of hydrogen obtained in previous developments, and types of beds used for gasification. The work details the current development aimed at improving the quality of the synthesis gas. It describes the application of improvements to the reactor, such as the redesign of components to reduce heat losses, optimization of optics to enhance radiation transmission, and improvements in gas handling and reactor hermeticity. These improvements are classified as priority, optional, and discarded according to established criteria. The reactor was commissioned by replicating the experiences of previous thesis students. Heat was applied to the reactor’s receiver plate, coal and alumina were inserted, steam was introduced, and the reactor was rotated to generate a synthesis gas, which was measured with a gas analyzer. The results obtained in three tests are presented and discussed. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for future work are presented, with the aim of continuing and perfecting the project, improving the efficiency and sustainability of hydrogen production from biomass.
Description
Keywords
Hidrógeno como vector energético, Energía de la biomasa, Mejora contínua de procesos