Thesis Estudio de las pérdidas asociadas a interferencias entre subcontratos en proyecto inmobiliario
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Date
2024-03-20
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Construcción Civil
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La subcontratación es un mecanismo de trabajo indispensable hoy en día para la construcción chilena, considerando las características que esta nos entrega como lo son requerimientos técnicos o conocimientos específicos, volumen de personal u otras características que permiten un mejor manejo de los recursos de las empresas constructoras, por ello la capacidad de controlarlos debidamente, aun con la alta volatilidad del mercado nacional y bajo las consecuencias del impacto económico de la pandemia Covid-19, puede significar un impacto considerable en las ganancias o pérdidas en una obra inmobiliaria.
Con el objetivo de estudiar esta clase de impacto sobre una obra inmobiliaria, se tiene por objetivo de este estudio el analizar la gestión y, por ende, la repercusión de la convivencia entre múltiples subcontratos simultáneos en una obra en la que esta práctica esta considerablemente extendida, abarcando un 48.6% del presupuesto del proyecto en estas actividades, empleando los indicadores del modelo de gestión de Valor Ganado a modo de representar el estado tanto del cronograma como de los costos a lo largo de su desarrollo centrado exclusivamente en las partidas subcontratadas, a modo de determinar el porcentaje de las pérdidas de este proyecto que son atribuibles a estas empresas subcontratadas, considerando que el proyecto a la fecha de este estudio ya se encuentra finalizado y, por ende, no es requerido usar los indicadores de proyección del modelo al poseer dichos datos de término de obra determinando que de una pérdida total de $647.389.670 con un retraso de 332 días corridos (equivalente a un aumento del 64.2% respecto a la programación original) se estima que un 9.03%, equivalente a un monto de $58.433.304 son por responsabilidad directa de las entidades subcontratadas.
Este análisis fue principalmente realizado por la propia información de la empresa con la que se gestionaron las medidas y, por ende, no se poseen todos los detalles de estas observaciones y progresos, complementándose con la toma de datos directamente desde el terreno bajo la visión del departamento de control de calidad, haciendo registro no solo de los avances porcentuales, sino que también de directamente las observaciones que influyen en dichos avances y en la evaluación de daños para determinar los costos de reparación.
Con lo anterior y la información obtenida de los resultados del modelo de gestión de Valor Ganado serán empleados para generar mejoras en el sistema de gestión de los subcontratos en la empresa evaluada para este estudio, priorizando las características de selección de empresas y delimitación de responsabilidades en una etapa temprana de selección ya que el comportamiento general de estas y el porcentaje de responsabilidad en respecto a las pérdidas muestran que el control durante la operación del proyecto no es deficiente, pero ante la incidencia y comportamiento de parte de este personal se sugiere mejorar los filtros de selección de empresas subcontratadas por parte de la empresa, además de desarrollar nuevos protocolos de control de partidas para oficializar la revisión de algunas de estas cuyo desarrollo y falta de estándares propios de la empresa permitieron que se aceptaran una mayor cantidad de observaciones respecto a otras partidas cuyos parámetros de aceptación estaban perfectamente definidos.
Subcontracting is an indispensable element nowadays for the Chilean construction industry, considering the characteristics that it gives us such as technical requirements or specific knowledge, volume of personnel or other characteristics that allow a better management of the resources of the construction companies, therefore the ability to control them properly, even with the high volatility of the national market and under the consequences of the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, can mean a considerable impact on the profits or losses in a real estate project. In order to study this kind of impact on a real estate project, the objective of this study is to analyze the management and, therefore, the repercussion of the coexistence of multiple simultaneous subcontracts in a project in which this practice is considerably extended, covering 48.6% of the project budget in these activities, using the indicators of the Earned Value management model in order to represent the status of both the schedule and the costs throughout its development focused exclusively on subcontracted items 48.6% of the project budget in these activities, using the indicators of the Earned Value management model in order to represent the status of both the schedule and the costs throughout its development focused exclusively on the subcontracted items, in order to determine the percentage of the losses of this project that are attributable to these subcontractors, considering that the project at the date of this study has already been completed and, therefore, it is not required to use the projection indicators of the model to have such data on completion of work, determining that a total loss of $647.389.670 with a delay of 332 calendar days (equivalent to an increase of 64.2% with respect to the original schedule), it is estimated that 9.03%, equivalent to $58.433.304, is the direct responsibility of the subcontractors. This analysis was mainly performed by the company's own information with which the measures were managed and, therefore, we do not have all the details of these observations and progress, complemented with data collection directly from the field under the vision of the quality control department, recording not only the percentage progress, but also directly the observations that influence such progress and the damage assessment to determine the repair costs. With that information obtained from the results of the Earned Value management model and the company’s own information will be used to generate improvements in the management system of subcontracts in the company evaluated for this study, prioritizing the characteristics of selection of companies and delimitation of responsibilities at an early stage of selection since the general behavior of these and the percentage of responsibility with respect to losses show that the control during the operation of the project is not deficient, however, given the incidence and behavior of some of these personnel, it is suggested to improve the selection filters of subcontracted companies by the company, in addition to developing new protocols of control of items to formalize the review of some of these whose development and lack of standards of the company allowed a greater number of observations to be accepted with respect to other items whose acceptance parameters were perfectly defined.
Subcontracting is an indispensable element nowadays for the Chilean construction industry, considering the characteristics that it gives us such as technical requirements or specific knowledge, volume of personnel or other characteristics that allow a better management of the resources of the construction companies, therefore the ability to control them properly, even with the high volatility of the national market and under the consequences of the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, can mean a considerable impact on the profits or losses in a real estate project. In order to study this kind of impact on a real estate project, the objective of this study is to analyze the management and, therefore, the repercussion of the coexistence of multiple simultaneous subcontracts in a project in which this practice is considerably extended, covering 48.6% of the project budget in these activities, using the indicators of the Earned Value management model in order to represent the status of both the schedule and the costs throughout its development focused exclusively on subcontracted items 48.6% of the project budget in these activities, using the indicators of the Earned Value management model in order to represent the status of both the schedule and the costs throughout its development focused exclusively on the subcontracted items, in order to determine the percentage of the losses of this project that are attributable to these subcontractors, considering that the project at the date of this study has already been completed and, therefore, it is not required to use the projection indicators of the model to have such data on completion of work, determining that a total loss of $647.389.670 with a delay of 332 calendar days (equivalent to an increase of 64.2% with respect to the original schedule), it is estimated that 9.03%, equivalent to $58.433.304, is the direct responsibility of the subcontractors. This analysis was mainly performed by the company's own information with which the measures were managed and, therefore, we do not have all the details of these observations and progress, complemented with data collection directly from the field under the vision of the quality control department, recording not only the percentage progress, but also directly the observations that influence such progress and the damage assessment to determine the repair costs. With that information obtained from the results of the Earned Value management model and the company’s own information will be used to generate improvements in the management system of subcontracts in the company evaluated for this study, prioritizing the characteristics of selection of companies and delimitation of responsibilities at an early stage of selection since the general behavior of these and the percentage of responsibility with respect to losses show that the control during the operation of the project is not deficient, however, given the incidence and behavior of some of these personnel, it is suggested to improve the selection filters of subcontracted companies by the company, in addition to developing new protocols of control of items to formalize the review of some of these whose development and lack of standards of the company allowed a greater number of observations to be accepted with respect to other items whose acceptance parameters were perfectly defined.
Description
Keywords
Empresas constructoras, Subcontratación, Comportamiento organizacional
