Thesis Optimización de la línea de envasado N°4 de Cervecera CCU Chile mediante cambios de formato rápido y disminución de microdetenciones
Loading...
Date
2008-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Con la presente memoria se pretende hacer más eficiente en el uso del tiempo y recursos la línea de producción N.º 4 de Cervecera CCU Chile Ltda. Para esto nos vamos a enfocar en la realización de dos eventos. El primero es lograr convertir tiempo de cambio de formato en tiempo productivo en dos equipos, la Llenadora y la Etiquetadora Krones; y el segundo es aumentar la eficiencia de los equipos de la línea mediante la disminución de las micro detenciones, la implementación de un plan de mantenimiento para disminuir las macro detenciones, ajustar las velocidades de los transportes para poder trabajar de forma continua y absorber las micro paradas y finalmente ajustar las capacidades de los equipos para poder trabajar sin detenciones ajustando las velocidades de los equipos y de ser necesario aumentar la capacidad de algún equipo mediante mejoras. En el primer caso se realizó un estudio de los cambios de formato en los dos equipos de la línea de producción, para ir analizando las diversas actividades que se realizan en cada uno de ellos. Con esto se obtuvo la base sobre la cual trabajar para ir mejorando el proceso de cambio de formato y lograr disminuir los tiempos involucrados en cada actividad al realizarse de una forma más eficiente. Se implementaron procedimientos para los cambios de formato donde se dejó establecido las actividades que se deben realizar y la forma y momento en que se deben realizar, de esta forma podrán realizar actividades durante el término de la producción y dejar para el final las actividades que requieren que el equipo esté detenido, como son las actividades de cambio de piezas y ajustes. Para el segundo caso se realizó un estudio de velocidades de funcionamiento de los equipos durante los periodos productivos para cada uno de los formatos, se realizaron gráficos de las curvas de funcionamiento para el análisis de cuellos de botella o áreas de funcionamiento a velocidades más bajas, se analizaron diferencias existentes en las capacidades de funcionamiento de los equipos para posteriormente analizar la necesidad de adquirir equipos de mayores capacidades o de realizar ajustes. También se analizó el funcionamiento de las cadenas transportadoras, tanto de velocidad como de capacidad, que tengan velocidades variables de funcionamiento, tanto las cadenas como los equipos, para ir ajustando sus velocidades y poder trabajar de forma continua, absorbiendo los tiempos de micro detenciones mediante las acumulaciones producidas, haciendo que el equipo cuello de botella no se detenga por detenciones en otros equipos. Se implementó un plan de mantenimiento preventivo y de lubricación de cada uno de los equipos para disminuir el tiempo detenido por fallas de los equipos. Por razones de tiempo no fue posible implementar la disminución de los tiempos de cambio de formato programados, pero se dejó establecido el impacto en el indicador OPI de la disminución del tiempo programado para los cambios de formato y de la disminución de los tiempos detenidos por fallas de los equipos. Por la misma razón no fue posible medir el impacto del plan de mantenimiento programado, pero se dejó implementado en la línea la Carta Gantt de mantenimiento de todos los equipos. En el último capítulo se muestra el impacto que tendría la disminución de los tiempos de cambio de formato y de detenciones sobre los indicadores OPI y OPINONA. Se mostró mediante estudios que se logró disminuir el tiempo de cambio de formato de la Etiquetadora y que junto al mejoramiento que se le realizará a la Llenadora será posible disminuir el tiempo total de cambio de formato en un 30%, aumentando los indicadores entre un 4 y un 5%. Con el estudio de funcionamiento de la línea se encontró cómo afectaban las fallas de los equipos a los equipos siguientes, y de que forma afectaban la eficiencia de la línea y de cada uno de los equipos. Se plantearon soluciones a dichos problemas, las cuales serán implementadas durante la manutención anual, las que junto al plan de mantenimiento disminuirán los tiempos detenidos por Speed Losses y Break Downtime, aumentando el OPI y OPI-NONA. Logrando disminuir estos tiempos en un 15% cada uno, junto a la disminución de los tiempos de cambio de formato en un 30%, es posible alcanzar y superar la meta de los indicadores fijadas para el presente año. Para la realización de todas estas actividades se utilizaron métodos como SMED para los cambios de formato rápido, JIT, LEAN Manufacturing o producción ajustada para hacer que la línea de producción trabaje de forma continua y eliminar las actividades que no generan valor dentro del proceso de envasado de la cerveza, y se utilizó el sistema de Mantenimiento Centrado en el Negocio para realizar el plan de mantenimiento preventivo y de lubricación de los equipos para disminuir el tiempo detenido por fallas de los equipos.
With this report we tried to make more efficient in the use of time and resources the production line N° 4 of Cervecera CCU Chile Ltda. To do this we will focus on the realization of two events. The first is to achieve convert format changeover time into productive time in two machines, the filler and the Krones labeller, and the second is to increase the efficiency of the line equipment by reducing micro stops, the implementation of a maintenance plan to reduce the macro stops, adjust the transport speed to work on an ongoing basis and absorb micro stops and finally adjust the parameters of the equipment to work without stops adjusting the speed of the equipment and if necessary raise the capacity of some equipment with upgrades. In the first case we studied the format changeover in two equipments of the production line, to explore the various activities they realize in each of them. That was the basis on which we will work to improve the process of format changeover and achieve to reduce the time involved in each activity doing it in a more efficient way. Procedures were implemented for such format changeover where it was established the way the activities must be performed and when to be executed, thus may carry out activities during the end of a production and leave for last the activities that require the equipment to be stopped, like the activities of change of parts and adjustments. For the second case was studied the operating speeds of the equipment during productive periods for each format, were conducted graphics of performance curves for the analysis of bottlenecks or areas of operation at lower speeds, were analyzed differences in the working capacities of the equipment and then analyzed the need to acquire equipment with more capacity or to make adjustments. It also reviewed the functioning of conveyor chains, both speed and capacity, which have varying speeds of operation, both chains such as equipment, to adjust their speeds and to be able to work on an ongoing basis, absorbing micro stops time through accumulations produced, making the bottleneck equipment not to stop by stops in other equipments. We implemented a plan of preventative maintenance and lubrication of each of the equipments to reduce the stopped time by failures of equipment. For time reasons, it was not possible to implement the decrease in times of format change scheduled, but was left established the impact on the OPI indicator of the decline in the scheduled time for such format changes and the reduction of stopped time for failure of the equipments. For the same reason it was not possible to measure the impact of scheduled maintenance plan, but was left implemented in the production line with the Maintenance Gantt Charter of all the equipments. The final chapter shows the impact that the reduction of format changeover times and detentions will have on the OPI and OPI-NONA indicators. It was achieved through studies the reduction of the format changeover time of the labeller and with the improvement of the filler it will be possible to reduce the total time of format changeover by 30%, rising indicators between 4 and 5%. With the line operating study we found how failures of the equipment affected the following equipments, and how they affect the efficiency of the line and each of the equipments. There were solutions to these problems, which will be implemented during the annual maintenance, which together with the maintenance plan will decrease the times detained for Speed Losses and Break Downtime, increasing the OPI and OPI-NONA. Decreasing these times by 15% each, along with the decline in times of format changeover in by 30%, it is possible to reach and exceed the target indicators set for this year. To achieve all these activities were used SMED methods for fast format changes, JIT, lean manufacturing or adjusted production to make the production line work on a continuous basis and eliminate activities that do not generate value within the packaging process of beer, and used the system of Business Centered Maintenance to conduct preventive maintenance and lubrication of the equipment to reduce stopped time by failures of equipment.
With this report we tried to make more efficient in the use of time and resources the production line N° 4 of Cervecera CCU Chile Ltda. To do this we will focus on the realization of two events. The first is to achieve convert format changeover time into productive time in two machines, the filler and the Krones labeller, and the second is to increase the efficiency of the line equipment by reducing micro stops, the implementation of a maintenance plan to reduce the macro stops, adjust the transport speed to work on an ongoing basis and absorb micro stops and finally adjust the parameters of the equipment to work without stops adjusting the speed of the equipment and if necessary raise the capacity of some equipment with upgrades. In the first case we studied the format changeover in two equipments of the production line, to explore the various activities they realize in each of them. That was the basis on which we will work to improve the process of format changeover and achieve to reduce the time involved in each activity doing it in a more efficient way. Procedures were implemented for such format changeover where it was established the way the activities must be performed and when to be executed, thus may carry out activities during the end of a production and leave for last the activities that require the equipment to be stopped, like the activities of change of parts and adjustments. For the second case was studied the operating speeds of the equipment during productive periods for each format, were conducted graphics of performance curves for the analysis of bottlenecks or areas of operation at lower speeds, were analyzed differences in the working capacities of the equipment and then analyzed the need to acquire equipment with more capacity or to make adjustments. It also reviewed the functioning of conveyor chains, both speed and capacity, which have varying speeds of operation, both chains such as equipment, to adjust their speeds and to be able to work on an ongoing basis, absorbing micro stops time through accumulations produced, making the bottleneck equipment not to stop by stops in other equipments. We implemented a plan of preventative maintenance and lubrication of each of the equipments to reduce the stopped time by failures of equipment. For time reasons, it was not possible to implement the decrease in times of format change scheduled, but was left established the impact on the OPI indicator of the decline in the scheduled time for such format changes and the reduction of stopped time for failure of the equipments. For the same reason it was not possible to measure the impact of scheduled maintenance plan, but was left implemented in the production line with the Maintenance Gantt Charter of all the equipments. The final chapter shows the impact that the reduction of format changeover times and detentions will have on the OPI and OPI-NONA indicators. It was achieved through studies the reduction of the format changeover time of the labeller and with the improvement of the filler it will be possible to reduce the total time of format changeover by 30%, rising indicators between 4 and 5%. With the line operating study we found how failures of the equipment affected the following equipments, and how they affect the efficiency of the line and each of the equipments. There were solutions to these problems, which will be implemented during the annual maintenance, which together with the maintenance plan will decrease the times detained for Speed Losses and Break Downtime, increasing the OPI and OPI-NONA. Decreasing these times by 15% each, along with the decline in times of format changeover in by 30%, it is possible to reach and exceed the target indicators set for this year. To achieve all these activities were used SMED methods for fast format changes, JIT, lean manufacturing or adjusted production to make the production line work on a continuous basis and eliminate activities that do not generate value within the packaging process of beer, and used the system of Business Centered Maintenance to conduct preventive maintenance and lubrication of the equipment to reduce stopped time by failures of equipment.
Description
Keywords
Cervecera CCU Chile, Optimización de producción, Microdetenciones
