Tesis de Postgrado Acceso Abierto
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Browsing Tesis de Postgrado Acceso Abierto by Author "Aguirre Leo, Francisco"
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Thesis CENTRALES DE GENERACION BASADA EN MOTORES DE COMBUSTION INTERNA DE DOBLE COMBUSTIBLE Y SU APLICACIÓN EN EL SECTOR INDUSTRIAL(2016) Montaño Guzman, Fernando; Muñoz, Gerardo; Departamento de Industrias; Aguirre Leo, FranciscoThis document details the technical and economic investigation about dual-fuel generators based on widely known internal combustion engines, which represents an alternative power supply for the industry, some objectives of this study are to find the point where this becomes an attractive concept for industry, identify the advantages and disadvantages of their use, reliabilities and what reassurances would provide in the power supply, points relating to the regulatory frame or the most appropriate use of this technology for various business options as PMGD (small media distributed generators), peak shaving or self-production for industrial customers located both in the free as regulated segment.Concerning to this technology, the dual-fuel engines applications have been seen boosted in the last times, mainly by economic benefits associated with the lowest operating cost and flexibility characteristics, however the economic attractiveness (economic benefits resulting from lower operating costs) will depend largely from the total amount of diesel fuel that will be displaced by natural gas in a operation and of course depend from the differential price between them, a dual fuel engine properly developed and adequately applied in the final use, could replace a conventional diesel engine in almost every uses and applications, especially when the limitations associated with the gaseous fuel transport can be resolved easily, the dual fuel engines are extensively used in stationary applications such as power generation.The main conclusions of the study, in the case of PMGD (small media distributed generators) with Bi-fuel engines, would be forced to bet the marginal cost of electricity, which it has hourly variation, that are due to their high operating costs greater than stabilized price, of the deterministic economic analysis, the PMGD with Bi-Fuel technology has positive results, however this result is strongly conditioned to market assumptions variables (discussed ex post as the 2015 marginal cost of electricity on Polpaico bar), the sensitizing and the stochastic analysis of the main variables, show results where the distribution of probabilities took about 46% negative values which implies a high risk for PMGD case.The supply under a PPA contract for unregulated customer vs peak shaving, cannot glimpse clear economic advantages, the economic benefits will be obtain only when the investment was taken as a sunk cost. due to the results can vary with the electrical behavior of the client and its load curve, the economic feasibility of the peak shaving, load modulation or other options to reduce the peak power must be evaluated case by case.Finally, the technical and economic analysis results, for PMGD, peak shaving or self-production, shows a panorama where the Bi-Fuel technology as an energy source even though it represents some small advantages compared to their peer technologies (diesel and natural gas), all generation technologies based on internal combustion engines, have very limited competition in the electricity market, mainly due to the high dependence on the fuel price highly variable and its associated volatility.Of course it must be recognized that it is possible that Bi-Fuel technology can be competitive in particular scenarios, such as when the connection costs to commercial utility are higher compared to continuous use of generators based MCI, another possible scenario is that due to environmental problems diesel engines have restrictions on the peak shaving operation in areas with air pollution problems, and that the Bi-fuel engines as a result of operation with both fuels (diesel & GN) therefore having lower emissions can operate, thereby would be generated a potential market for this technology.The main risk factors identified for dual fuel technology vary according to the scenarios evaluated namely PMGD, peak shaving or self-production. Among these main risk factors are the operational risks such as hours of operation, and market risk factors such as variable costs of fuel, marginal cost of electricity in the injection bar, The operating hours and the marginal cost of electricity, represent the direct economic earnings for the PMGD, the difficult determination of the operating hours at a convenient marginal cost of electricity represent a high risk.To the cost side, as the main risk factor are the fuel variable costs, which in Chile inevitably depend on the international market due to high rates of fuel import, the fuel price is variable and volatile this involves high risk for future economic result, mainly for PMGD options and self-production, in the particular case of natural gas and / or LNG is required contract negotiations usually long-term type for large volumes of consumption, where the main role of the contracts is mitigation and risk transfer, the contracts tend to be highly inflexible, rates and indexations clauses like a Take or Pay which also represents a high risk factor.Thesis EFECTOS DE LOS MECANISMOS DE COMPLEMENTARIEDAD ENTRE TECNOLOGÍAS CÍCLICAS Y BASE, EN EL SISTEMA ELECTRICO NACIONAL(2017) Cortez Vera, Sergio Andrés; Departamento de Industrias; Aguirre Leo, FranciscoThis paper describes the evolution of unconventional renewable energies in the SIC and SING, addressing the positive and negative externalities associated with the incorporation of cyclical technologies, taking into account system security and the effects on the agents participating in the market. Considering that Law 20.698 establishes an increasing share of NCRE of 20% by the year 2025, it is evident that the operational and flexibility requirements on thermoelectric units will increase with the objective of taking advantage of low-cost renewable resources, which will reduce the system's operating costs. However, to be able to cushion the demands created by cyclical technologies on the system and also to maintain the safety and quality standards of the SEN, Complementary Services (SSCC) are required. Some optimal alternatives are hydroelectric reservoir or pumping systems, combined natural gas cycles, battery banks (BESS) and other technologies that provide for existing and future operational requirements. The new SSCC for the SEN and the way these services are to be profited will be established in the SSCC regulation that will be published by the CNE at the end of 2017. Finally, considering that Law 20.936 establishes that the SSCC costs should be covered by the end user, corresponding to the payment of the investments associated with the new infrastructure and the annual costs of efficient maintenance, a methodology is proposed that allows to estimate the costs that will be Transferred to the end user, associated with SSCC required by the National Electrical Coordinator to implement in the short term.Thesis IMPACTO EN LA ESTRUCTURA DEL MERCADO DE GENERACIÓN ELÉCTRICA POR UN INCREMENTO EN LA PENETRACIÓN DE GAS NATURAL LICUADO EN LA MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA DE CHILE(2016) Subiabre Prato, Gastón René; Aguirre Leo, Francisco; Departamento de Industrias; Mancilla Ayancán, Marco; Agüero Vargas, FranciscoLiquefied natural gas emerged as an alternative fuel for viable electrical generation after natural gas restrictions from Argentina and all subsequent suspension of supply. Later, in the context of the Energy Agenda of Chile, she was raised as able to replace diesel as fuel for electricity generation and a key element to reduce marginal power generation costs, giving it a leading role in the future energy matrix of Chile.In the present study sought to identify the level of penetration that would liquefied natural gas as fuel for electricity generation in a horizon of 10 years. For this, the power generation market in Chile was analyzed for the development of generation technologies, such as structural aspects that characterize it, analyzing the possible existence of anticompetitive practices that may be present and would affect the degree of competition in this market.There are numerous projects of generationthat are intensive in natural gas, which is in doubt its actual concretion, considering the increase in electricity demand, a single interconnected system, a new law on electricity transmission and future generation costs, among others.This study attempted to identify those variables that could be critical to identify the actual development of intensive power generation liquefied natural gas, developing scenarios based on these variables and thus conclude the degree of penetration that could have liquefied natural gas and therefore also the current and future regasification plants in Chile.
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