Thesis Evaluar el método de prueba acelerado de índice de tracking comparativo (+DC-CTI) para determinar la resistencia al tracking en silicona de aisladores para aplicaciones DC
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Date
2026-09
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Eléctrica
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La transición energética en Chile ha impulsado el desarrollo de la línea de transmisión en corriente continua de alta tensión (HVDC) Kimal-Lo Aguirre, infraestructura crítica que atravesará las severas condiciones ambientales del Desierto de Atacama. La operación bajo tensión continua impone un estrés extremo sobre los aisladores de goma de silicona, ya que la ausencia de cruces por cero impide la extinción natural de los arcos eléctricos, acelerando el daño por tracking y erosión. Este fenómeno se ha evaluado mediante el ensayo normativo de plano inclinado (DC-IPT); sin embargo, este método de 6 horas de duración presenta serias deficiencias de reproducibilidad y una alta dispersión estadística. Bajo este escenario, la presente investigación evalúa un nuevo método de prueba acelerado (+DC-CTI), adaptando la norma IEC 60112 para concentrar un campo eléctrico estable en un espacio reducido (3 mm) por aproximadamente 60 segundos. La campaña experimental consistió en someter probetas de silicona a ensayos comparativos en AC y +DC (2,5 kV), incorporando contaminación artificial de capa sólida severa (Clase E5) y envejecimiento por radiación ultravioleta (UV). Los resultados demostraron que la aplicación de corriente continua en polaridad positiva genera un estrés térmico significativamente mayor que la alterna. Asimismo, se comprobó que la matriz porosa de la contaminación E5 retiene el líquido y fuerza el anclaje térmico del arco, produciendo perforaciones críticas de hasta 3,611 [mm] en el ensayo clásico DC-IPT. En contraste, el método acelerado +DC-CTI, logró replicar el mecanismo de falla termodinámica sin depender del desgaste volumétrico errático a largo plazo. El monitoreo oscilográfico de la corriente de fuga permitió diagnosticar la incapacidad del material para extinguir el arco. Se concluye que (...).
The energy transition in Chile has driven the development of the Kimal–Lo Aguirre high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line, a critical infrastructure that will cross the severe environmental conditions of the Atacama Desert. Operation under direct current voltage imposes extreme stress on silicone rubber insulators, as the absence of zero-crossings prevents the natural extinction of electrical arcs, accelerating tracking and erosion damage. This phenomenon has traditionally been evaluated through the standardized inclined plane test (DC-IPT); however, this 6-hour test method exhibits serious reproducibility deficiencies and high statistical scatter. Under this scenario, the present research evaluates a novel accelerated test method (+DC-CTI), adapting the IEC 60112 standard to concentrate a stable electric field within a reduced gap (3 mm) for approximately 60 seconds. The experimental campaign consisted of subjecting silicone rubber specimens to comparative tests under AC and +DC (2.5 kV), incorporating severe solid-layer artificial pollution (Class E5) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation aging. The results demonstrated that the application of positive polarity direct current generates significantly higher thermal stress than alternating current. Furthermore, it was verified that the porous matrix of the Class E5 pollution retains the liquid electrolyte and forces the thermal rooting of the arc, producing critical erosion depths of up to 3.611 [mm] in the classical DC-IPT test. In contrast, the accelerated +DC-CTI method successfully replicated the thermodynamic failure mechanism without relying on erratic long-term volumetric wear. Oscillographic monitoring of the leakage current enabled diagnosing the inability of the material to extinguish the arc. It is concluded that (...).
The energy transition in Chile has driven the development of the Kimal–Lo Aguirre high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line, a critical infrastructure that will cross the severe environmental conditions of the Atacama Desert. Operation under direct current voltage imposes extreme stress on silicone rubber insulators, as the absence of zero-crossings prevents the natural extinction of electrical arcs, accelerating tracking and erosion damage. This phenomenon has traditionally been evaluated through the standardized inclined plane test (DC-IPT); however, this 6-hour test method exhibits serious reproducibility deficiencies and high statistical scatter. Under this scenario, the present research evaluates a novel accelerated test method (+DC-CTI), adapting the IEC 60112 standard to concentrate a stable electric field within a reduced gap (3 mm) for approximately 60 seconds. The experimental campaign consisted of subjecting silicone rubber specimens to comparative tests under AC and +DC (2.5 kV), incorporating severe solid-layer artificial pollution (Class E5) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation aging. The results demonstrated that the application of positive polarity direct current generates significantly higher thermal stress than alternating current. Furthermore, it was verified that the porous matrix of the Class E5 pollution retains the liquid electrolyte and forces the thermal rooting of the arc, producing critical erosion depths of up to 3.611 [mm] in the classical DC-IPT test. In contrast, the accelerated +DC-CTI method successfully replicated the thermodynamic failure mechanism without relying on erratic long-term volumetric wear. Oscillographic monitoring of the leakage current enabled diagnosing the inability of the material to extinguish the arc. It is concluded that (...).
Description
Keywords
Transición energética, Transmisión HVDC, Aisladores de silicona, Tracking eléctrico, Erosión, Contaminación artificial, Envejecimiento UV
