Thesis Análisis de costos en la pequeña minería: desarrollo e implementación de un plan de cuentas de costos adaptados
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Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El estudio tiene como objetivo principal desarrollar una metodología integral para el análisis de costos de producción adaptada a las particularidades de la pequeña minería en Chile. Se reconoce la importancia de este sector en el norte y centro del país, así como su vulnerabilidad ante la incertidumbre. En este contexto, comprender y gestionar eficientemente los costos resulta crucial para garantizar la viabilidad económica y la continuidad de los emprendimientos mineros, especialmente en áreas donde no hay alternativas significativas de generación de ingresos.
La Sociedad Nacional de Minería muestra un marcado interés en esta investigación, dado que la información obtenida será de utilidad para la capacitación y el asesoramiento de sus socios, así como para proponer políticas estatales y medidas de apoyo al sector minero.
La metodología propuesta implica la creación de una mina prototipo que sirva como modelo de referencia, representando las características y procesos comunes de la pequeña minería. Para ello, se ha iniciado una exhaustiva recopilación de datos mediante encuestas, trabajo de campo y acceso a información confidencial proporcionada por la Empresa Nacional de Minería. Se focaliza específicamente en la minería subterránea, abordando las operaciones unitarias de perforación, tronadura, carguío y transporte tanto dentro de la mina como hacia la planta de procesamiento.
Con el fin de simplificar el análisis, se ha decidido concentrarse en estas operaciones clave.
A partir de la información recopilada, se han realizado cotizaciones para integrar los costos en una hoja de cálculo en formato Excel.
Adicionalmente, con el propósito de comparar los distintos elementos que pueden incidir en la operación minera, se contempla la creación de varias minas prototipo adicionales basadas en el primer modelo. Este enfoque permitirá trazar una curva de costos totales a medio y largo plazo, analizando su relación con las economías de escala. Se realizarán ajustes, incluyendo o eliminando volumen de producción en cada mina según sea necesario, para evaluar su impacto en los costos operativos.
The main objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for analyzing production costs adapted to the peculiarities of small-scale mining in Chile. The importance of this sector in the northern and central regions of the country is acknowledged, as well as its vulnerability to uncertainty. In this context, understanding and efficiently managing costs is crucial to ensuring the economic viability and continuity of mining ventures, especially in areas where there are no significant alternative sources of income. The National Mining Society has shown a keen interest in this research, as the information obtained will be useful for training and advising its members, as well as for proposing state policies and support measures for the mining sector. The proposed methodology involves creating a prototype mine that serves as a reference model, representing the common characteristics and processes of small-scale mining. To achieve this, an exhaustive data collection process has been initiated through surveys, fieldwork, and access to confidential information provided by the National Mining Company. It specifically focuses on underground mining, addressing unit operations such as drilling, blasting, loading, and transportation both within the mine and to the processing plant. To simplify the analysis, the decision has been made to concentrate on these key operations. Based on the collected information, quotations have been obtained to integrate costs into an Excel spreadsheet. Additionally, in order to compare the different elements that may impact mining operations, the creation of several additional prototype mines based on the initial model is being considered. This approach will allow for the plotting of a total cost curve in the medium and long term, analyzing its relationship with economies of scale. Adjustments will be made, including or eliminating production volume in each mine as necessary, to evaluate its impact on operating costs.
The main objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for analyzing production costs adapted to the peculiarities of small-scale mining in Chile. The importance of this sector in the northern and central regions of the country is acknowledged, as well as its vulnerability to uncertainty. In this context, understanding and efficiently managing costs is crucial to ensuring the economic viability and continuity of mining ventures, especially in areas where there are no significant alternative sources of income. The National Mining Society has shown a keen interest in this research, as the information obtained will be useful for training and advising its members, as well as for proposing state policies and support measures for the mining sector. The proposed methodology involves creating a prototype mine that serves as a reference model, representing the common characteristics and processes of small-scale mining. To achieve this, an exhaustive data collection process has been initiated through surveys, fieldwork, and access to confidential information provided by the National Mining Company. It specifically focuses on underground mining, addressing unit operations such as drilling, blasting, loading, and transportation both within the mine and to the processing plant. To simplify the analysis, the decision has been made to concentrate on these key operations. Based on the collected information, quotations have been obtained to integrate costs into an Excel spreadsheet. Additionally, in order to compare the different elements that may impact mining operations, the creation of several additional prototype mines based on the initial model is being considered. This approach will allow for the plotting of a total cost curve in the medium and long term, analyzing its relationship with economies of scale. Adjustments will be made, including or eliminating production volume in each mine as necessary, to evaluate its impact on operating costs.
Description
Keywords
Pequeña minería, Costos de producción, Minería subterránea, Economías de escala
