Thesis Desarrollo de un fantoma anatómico de cabeza humana para electroencefalograma
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Date
2026-07
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Electrónica
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un fantoma antropomórfico de cabeza humana fabricado mediante impresión 3D para la evaluación y validación experimental de sistemas relacionados con electroencefalografía (EEG). Para su construcción se empleó tecnología de deposición de material fundido (FDM) utilizando ácido poliláctico (PLA) conductivo. En una primera etapa se caracterizó eléctricamente el material mediante el método de cuatro puntas, evaluando la influencia de distintos parámetros de impresión sobre su resistividad. A partir de estos resultados se definieron configuraciones de impresión para representar las capas de cerebro, cráneo y cuero cabelludo, las cuales fueron validadas mediante una probeta multicapa. Los ensayos mostraron un comportamiento predominantemente resistivo en el rango de 10 a 50~Hz, la formación de gradientes espaciales de potencial y una buena concordancia cualitativa con simulaciones desarrolladas en ANSYS Maxwell. Posteriormente, se diseñó un modelo anatómico tridimensional incorporando el sistema internacional 10--20 para la ubicación de 32 electrodos superficiales y múltiples puntos de inyección. El fantoma fue fabricado en una única impresión, asignando parámetros de impresión específicos a cada capa mediante OrcaSlicer. La caracterización experimental confirmó la continuidad eléctrica de los 32 canales y la capacidad del modelo para reproducir distribuciones espaciales de potencial coherentes frente a distintas configuraciones de inyección, incluyendo excitaciones de baja amplitud y múltiples fuentes. Estos resultados demuestran que el fantoma constituye una plataforma experimental adecuada para el estudio de la propagación de bioseñales y el desarrollo y validación de sistemas relacionados con EEG.
This work presents the development of an anthropomorphic human head phantom manufactured using 3D printing for the experimental evaluation and validation of electroencephalography (EEG)-related systems. The phantom was fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) with conductive polylactic acid (PLA). In the first stage, the electrical properties of the material were characterized using the four-point probe method, evaluating the influence of different printing parameters on its resistivity. Based on these results, printing configurations were defined to represent the brain, skull, and scalp layers, which were subsequently validated using a multilayer test specimen. The experimental results showed a predominantly resistive behavior in the 10--50~Hz frequency range, the formation of spatial potential gradients, and good qualitative agreement with numerical simulations performed in ANSYS Maxwell. Subsequently, a three-dimensional anatomical model was designed incorporating the international 10--20 system for the placement of 32 surface electrodes and multiple internal injection points. The phantom was manufactured in a single printing process, assigning specific printing parameters to each layer using OrcaSlicer. The experimental characterization confirmed the electrical continuity of the 32 channels and the capability of the model to reproduce coherent spatial potential distributions under different injection configurations, including low-amplitude excitations and multiple excitation sources. These results demonstrate that the proposed phantom provides a suitable experimental platform for studying the propagation of bioelectrical signals and for the development and validation of EEG-related systems.
This work presents the development of an anthropomorphic human head phantom manufactured using 3D printing for the experimental evaluation and validation of electroencephalography (EEG)-related systems. The phantom was fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) with conductive polylactic acid (PLA). In the first stage, the electrical properties of the material were characterized using the four-point probe method, evaluating the influence of different printing parameters on its resistivity. Based on these results, printing configurations were defined to represent the brain, skull, and scalp layers, which were subsequently validated using a multilayer test specimen. The experimental results showed a predominantly resistive behavior in the 10--50~Hz frequency range, the formation of spatial potential gradients, and good qualitative agreement with numerical simulations performed in ANSYS Maxwell. Subsequently, a three-dimensional anatomical model was designed incorporating the international 10--20 system for the placement of 32 surface electrodes and multiple internal injection points. The phantom was manufactured in a single printing process, assigning specific printing parameters to each layer using OrcaSlicer. The experimental characterization confirmed the electrical continuity of the 32 channels and the capability of the model to reproduce coherent spatial potential distributions under different injection configurations, including low-amplitude excitations and multiple excitation sources. These results demonstrate that the proposed phantom provides a suitable experimental platform for studying the propagation of bioelectrical signals and for the development and validation of EEG-related systems.
Description
Keywords
Fantoma antropomórfico, Electroencefalografía (EEG), Impresión 3D, PLA conductivo, Sistema 10--20
