Thesis Evaluación técnico económica de la captura directa de aire (DAC) de CO₂ mediante adsorción sólida: la aplicabilidad en Chile
Loading...
Date
2026-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Química
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El presente trabajo de título tiene como objetivo principal evaluar la viabilidad técnica y económica de implementar tecnologías de Captura Directa de Aire (DAC) en Chile, específicamente en la zona norte del país. En un contexto global de urgencia climática, donde la descarbonización profunda se vuelve imperativa, esta investigación busca determinar si las condiciones geográficas e industriales de Chile permiten que esta tecnología emergente sea una solución competitiva para la remoción de CO2 atmosférico. Para abordar esta problemática, se realiza un análisis comparativo entre las tecnologías de absorción líquida (L-DAC) y adsorción sólida (S-DAC), seleccionando esta última por su modularidad y menor demanda hídrica. Posteriormente, se desarrolla y valida un modelo fenomenológico unidimensional en MATLAB, capaz de simular la dinámica de adsorción y desorción en un lecho fijo utilizando sorbentes funcionalizados con aminas (Lewatit VP OC 1065). El modelo simula un ciclo TVSA (Temperature-Vacuum Swing Adsorption) bajo condiciones climáticas de Mejillones. Luego, se realiza una estimación de costos (CAPEX y OPEX) y un escalamiento industrial hasta 1 MtCO2/año. Finalmente, se obtiene el Costo Nivelado de Captura (LCOD). Los resultados obtenidos identifican a la tecnología S-DAC como la opción mas idónea para el contexto nacional. A través de un análisis de sensibilidad, se define un "Escenario A" (Eficiencia Energética) como la configuración operativa óptima: con un vacío moderado de 0,7 bar y una temperatura de adsorción de 20 ºC, se logra minimizar el consumo específico de energía a 6,35 MJ/kgCO2 y maximizar la productividad del sorbente. Por otro lado, se demuestra el impacto crítico de la economía de escala: el LCOD se reduce drásticamente desde valores superiores a 1.000 USD/tCO2 en plantas piloto, hasta un rango competitivo de 541 USD/tCO2 a escala industrial. El análisis financiero revela que el material sorbente es el componente más influyente, representando cerca de 83% de la inversión inicial en equipos directos. Se concluye que(...).
The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of implementing Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies in Chile, specifically in the northern region of the country. In a global context of climate urgency, where deep decarbonization becomes imperative, this research seeks to determine whether Chile's geographical and industrial conditions allow this emerging technology to be a competitive solution for the removal of atmospheric CO2. To address this issue, a comparative analysis is performed between liquid absorption (L-DAC) and solid adsorption (S-DAC) technologies, selecting the latter due to its modularity and lower water demand. Subsequently, a one-dimensional phenomenological model is developed and validated in MATLAB, capable of simulating the adsorption and desorption dynamics in a fixed bed using amine-functionalized sorbents (Lewatit VP OC 1065). The model simulates a TVSA (Temperature-Vacuum Swing Adsorption) cycle under the climatic conditions of Mejillones. Then, a cost estimation (CAPEX and OPEX) and an industrial scale-up up to 1 MtCO2/year are performed. Finally, the Levelized Cost of Capture (LCOD) is obtained. The obtained results identify the S-DAC technology as the most suitable option for the national context. Though a sensitivity analysis, "Scenario A" (Energy Efficiency) is defined as the optimal operating configuration: with a moderate vacuum of 0.7 bar and an adsorption temperature of 20 ºC, the specific energy consumption is minimized to 6.35 MJ/kgCO2 and the sorbent productivity is maximized. On the other hand, the critical impacts of economies of scale is demonstrated: the LCOD is drastically reduced from values above 1,000 USD/tCO2 in pilot plants, to a competitive range of 541 USD/tCO2 at an industrial scale. The financial analysis reveals that the sorbent material is the most influential component, representing nearly 83% of the initial investment in direct equipment. It is concluded that(...).
The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of implementing Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies in Chile, specifically in the northern region of the country. In a global context of climate urgency, where deep decarbonization becomes imperative, this research seeks to determine whether Chile's geographical and industrial conditions allow this emerging technology to be a competitive solution for the removal of atmospheric CO2. To address this issue, a comparative analysis is performed between liquid absorption (L-DAC) and solid adsorption (S-DAC) technologies, selecting the latter due to its modularity and lower water demand. Subsequently, a one-dimensional phenomenological model is developed and validated in MATLAB, capable of simulating the adsorption and desorption dynamics in a fixed bed using amine-functionalized sorbents (Lewatit VP OC 1065). The model simulates a TVSA (Temperature-Vacuum Swing Adsorption) cycle under the climatic conditions of Mejillones. Then, a cost estimation (CAPEX and OPEX) and an industrial scale-up up to 1 MtCO2/year are performed. Finally, the Levelized Cost of Capture (LCOD) is obtained. The obtained results identify the S-DAC technology as the most suitable option for the national context. Though a sensitivity analysis, "Scenario A" (Energy Efficiency) is defined as the optimal operating configuration: with a moderate vacuum of 0.7 bar and an adsorption temperature of 20 ºC, the specific energy consumption is minimized to 6.35 MJ/kgCO2 and the sorbent productivity is maximized. On the other hand, the critical impacts of economies of scale is demonstrated: the LCOD is drastically reduced from values above 1,000 USD/tCO2 in pilot plants, to a competitive range of 541 USD/tCO2 at an industrial scale. The financial analysis reveals that the sorbent material is the most influential component, representing nearly 83% of the initial investment in direct equipment. It is concluded that(...).
Description
Keywords
Adsorción sólida (S-DAC), Adsorción por cambio de temperatura y vacío (TVSA), Costo nivelado de captura (LCOD), Lewatit VP OC 1065, Simulación en MATLAB, Remoción de dióxido de carbono (CDR)
