Thesis Influencia de las estructuras en el comportamiento de un macizo rocoso frágil bajo condiciones de altos esfuerzos
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Date
2026
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El agotamiento progresivo de los yacimientos superficiales, junto con el aumento sostenido de la demanda mundial de recursos minerales, ha impulsado el desarrollo de explotaciones mineras a mayores profundidades. Como consecuencia, la minería subterránea ha adquirido un rol cada vez más relevante para garantizar la continuidad de la producción minera. Sin embargo, el avance hacia mayores profundidades implica enfrentar condiciones geomecánicas más exigentes, caracterizadas por altos estados tensionales capaces de generar procesos de daño y mecanismos de falla complejos alrededor de las excavaciones. En este contexto, la adecuada representación del comportamiento mecánico del macizo rocoso constituye un aspecto fundamental para la evaluación de la estabilidad de excavaciones subterráneas. Particularmente, en entornos de altos esfuerzos, la capacidad de los criterios constitutivos para reproducir mecanismos asociados a la propagación progresiva del daño adquiere especial relevancia. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento del macizo rocoso bajo distintas condiciones de esfuerzo mediante la comparación de los criterios de falla Hoek–Brown y Damage Initiation Spalling Limit (DISL). Para ello, se desarrolló una campaña de modelación numérica utilizando el software RS2 de Rocscience, considerando distintos escenarios de profundidad, relación de esfuerzos, calidad geomecánica del macizo rocoso y configuraciones estructurales. El análisis se realizó a partir de la profundidad de falla normalizada (Rf/r) y de la extensión angular de la zona dañada (ϕb), complementando la interpretación mediante comparaciones con relaciones empíricas propuestas por Martin et al. (1999) y Diederichs (2018). Los resultados muestran(...).
The progressive depletion of surface deposits, along with the sustained increase in global demand for mineral resources, has driven the development of mining operations at greater depths. As a result, underground mining has gained an increasingly important role in ensuring the continuity of mineral production. However, advancing to greater depths involves facing more demanding geomechanical conditions, characterized by high stress states capable of generating damage processes and complex failure mechanisms around the excavations. In this context, the adequate representation of the mechanical behavior of the rock mass constitutes a fundamental aspect for the stability assessment of underground excavations. Particularly in high-stress environments, the ability of constitutive criteria to reproduce mechanisms associated with the progressive propagation of damage becomes especially relevant. The present work aims to evaluate the behavior of the rock mass under different stress conditions by comparing the Hoek–Brown and Damage Initiation Spalling Limit (DISL) failure criteria. To this end, a numerical modeling campaign was developed using Rocscience’s RS2 software, considering different scenarios of depth, stress ratio, geomechanical quality of the rock mass, and structural configurations. The analysis was performed based on the normalized depth of failure (Rf/r) and the angular extent of the damaged zone (ϕb), complementing the interpretation with comparisons to empirical relationships proposed by Martin et al. (1999) and Diederichs (2018). The results show(...).
The progressive depletion of surface deposits, along with the sustained increase in global demand for mineral resources, has driven the development of mining operations at greater depths. As a result, underground mining has gained an increasingly important role in ensuring the continuity of mineral production. However, advancing to greater depths involves facing more demanding geomechanical conditions, characterized by high stress states capable of generating damage processes and complex failure mechanisms around the excavations. In this context, the adequate representation of the mechanical behavior of the rock mass constitutes a fundamental aspect for the stability assessment of underground excavations. Particularly in high-stress environments, the ability of constitutive criteria to reproduce mechanisms associated with the progressive propagation of damage becomes especially relevant. The present work aims to evaluate the behavior of the rock mass under different stress conditions by comparing the Hoek–Brown and Damage Initiation Spalling Limit (DISL) failure criteria. To this end, a numerical modeling campaign was developed using Rocscience’s RS2 software, considering different scenarios of depth, stress ratio, geomechanical quality of the rock mass, and structural configurations. The analysis was performed based on the normalized depth of failure (Rf/r) and the angular extent of the damaged zone (ϕb), complementing the interpretation with comparisons to empirical relationships proposed by Martin et al. (1999) and Diederichs (2018). The results show(...).
Description
Keywords
Minería subterránea, Falla frágil, Altos esfuerzos, Influencia de estructuras, Criterio de Hoek–Brown, Estabilidad de excavaciones
