Thesis Evaluación de prefactibilidad técnica económica de empresa especializada en el uso de drones agrónomos
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Date
2026
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería en Aviación Comercial
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Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
La industria agrícola en Chile se ha consolidado históricamente como un pilar fundamental del desarrollo nacional, representando un 3,4% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) y concentrando una parte significativa de su capacidad productiva en la zona central del país. Sin embargo, este sector enfrenta desafíos asociados al cambio climático, la escasez hídrica persistente y las crecientes exigencias de los mercados internacionales respecto a los límites máximos de residuos (LMR), lo que ha impulsado la búsqueda de soluciones que maximicen la eficiencia sin comprometer la sostenibilidad. En este contexto, la cuarta revolución agrícola promueve la digitalización y automatización de procesos mediante el uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV o drones), capaces de reducir significativamente el consumo de agua y optimizar los costos operativos en comparación con los métodos tradicionales. No obstante, la adopción de esta tecnología en Chile requiere estructuras empresariales que aseguren tanto la eficacia agronómica como el cumplimiento de la normativa aeronáutica vigente, en particular la DAN 151 de la Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil (DGAC). El presente trabajo de título tiene como objetivo evaluar técnica y económicamente la prefactibilidad de implementar una empresa especializada en la prestación de servicios de fumigación, monitoreo y análisis de cultivos mediante drones en la zona central de Chile. Para ello, se emplea una metodología que integra estudios de mercado basados en el modelo Holt-Winters, análisis de localización mediante el modelo de Brown y Gibson y una evaluación financiera, con el propósito de determinar la viabilidad técnica y económica de esta iniciativa empresarial.
The agricultural industry in Chile has historically established itself as a fundamental pillar of national development, representing 3.4% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and concentrating a significant portion of its productive capacity in the central region of the country. However, the sector currently faces unprecedented challenges, including climate change, persistent water scarcity, and increasing demands from international markets regarding Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), which have compelled producers to seek solutions that maximize efficiency without compromising sustainability. In this context, the fourth agricultural revolution has emerged as a technological response through the digitalization and automation of agricultural processes. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have evolved from experimental prototypes into critical precision agriculture tools capable of reducing water consumption by up to 90% and optimizing operating costs compared with conventional ground-based methods. Despite these advantages, the widespread adoption of this technology in Chile requires business structures that ensure both agronomic effectiveness and strict compliance with current aeronautical regulations, particularly the DGAC’s DAN 151. The primary objective of this thesis is to technically and economically evaluate the prefeasibility of implementing a company specialized in providing crop spraying, monitoring, and crop analysis services using drones in central Chile. The methodological approach integrates market studies based on the Holt-Winters model, location analysis using the Brown and Gibson model, and a comprehensive financial evaluation to determine whether the proposed business represents a technically feasible and economically profitable investment.
The agricultural industry in Chile has historically established itself as a fundamental pillar of national development, representing 3.4% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and concentrating a significant portion of its productive capacity in the central region of the country. However, the sector currently faces unprecedented challenges, including climate change, persistent water scarcity, and increasing demands from international markets regarding Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), which have compelled producers to seek solutions that maximize efficiency without compromising sustainability. In this context, the fourth agricultural revolution has emerged as a technological response through the digitalization and automation of agricultural processes. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have evolved from experimental prototypes into critical precision agriculture tools capable of reducing water consumption by up to 90% and optimizing operating costs compared with conventional ground-based methods. Despite these advantages, the widespread adoption of this technology in Chile requires business structures that ensure both agronomic effectiveness and strict compliance with current aeronautical regulations, particularly the DGAC’s DAN 151. The primary objective of this thesis is to technically and economically evaluate the prefeasibility of implementing a company specialized in providing crop spraying, monitoring, and crop analysis services using drones in central Chile. The methodological approach integrates market studies based on the Holt-Winters model, location analysis using the Brown and Gibson model, and a comprehensive financial evaluation to determine whether the proposed business represents a technically feasible and economically profitable investment.
Description
Keywords
Fumigación, Agricultura de precisión, Drones, Vehículos aéreos no tripulados
