Thesis Mejorar la eficiencia del sistema de almacenamiento a través del diseño de una bodega centralizada: Caso de la Compañía de Papeles Cordillera S.A. CMPC Chile.
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Date
2013-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Hoy en día el almacenamiento no se limita a tener un espacio físico donde guardar inventario, sino que forma parte de la estrategia dentro de la cadena de suministro, influyendo en aspectos como el nivel de servicio, costos de producción y transporte entre otros, aumentando así la ventaja competitiva, por lo que su análisis es de gran relevancia.
En esta memoria se estudia el caso de la empresa Papeles Cordillera S.A., la cual dispone de 11 bodegas de repuestos de máquinas dispersas por toda su planta. Estas bodegas presentan pérdidas de espacio, infraestructura deficiente, ubicación no específica del inventario, pérdidas de tiempo, falta de control y repuestos expuestos a deterioros, entre otros, lo que motiva el análisis y mejora de este sistema de almacenamiento a través de la centralización de las bodegas, proponiendo un diseño que mejora su nivel de eficiencia.
Para mejorar el almacenamiento, primero se evalúan los requerimientos de capacidad comparándolos con la disponibilidad en la bodega centralizada, determinando así que hay espacio suficiente para trasladar los repuestos. Luego se diseña el layout de bloques a partir del método de grafos, estableciendo la distribución física de las áreas dentro de la bodega, para lo cual se comparan 4 escenarios según el aprovechamiento del espacio, del equipo y costos, escogiendo aquel que propone una dimensión de 50x32x6 [m] y una grúa horquilla que requiere de un ancho de pasillo de 2,9 [m]. Después se diseña el layout de detalle, estableciendo la ubicación de cada repuesto a partir de ciertos criterios, destacando el modelo de optimización para la minimización del recorrido total, dando como solución 29.462,15 [m/mes] en la zona de racks y 84.350,72 [m/mes] en estanterías.
Con esta propuesta se disminuye la cantidad de bodegas en un 63,63% y la superficie de control en un 70%, mejorando la supervisión y disminuyendo los riesgos de robo, junto con la maximización del espacio, con holguras de 145,49% en estanterías y 60,17% en racks, reduciendo las pérdidas de volumen que hoy alcanzan un 72%. Además se mejoran las condiciones de almacenamiento, se minimizan los tiempos de traslado internos a 1.304,8 [min/mes] y las distancias entre las bodegas y las máquinas en un 48,46%, donde los tiempos y costos de traslado disminuyen en un 36,89%, mejorando así la eficiencia del sistema de almacenamiento con una centralización de las bodegas.
Today the storage is not limited to having a physical space to store inventory, but part of the strategy within the supply chain, influencing aspects such as service level, cost of production and transportation among others, making this way increase competitive advantage, so its analysis has great importance. This thesis studies the case of Papeles Cordillera SA company, which has 11 warehouses of machine parts scattered throughout the plant. These warehouses show losses of space, poor infrastructure, not specific inventory location, loss of time, lack of control and materials exposed to damage, among others, which motivates the analysis and improvement of this storage system through centralized warehouses, proposing a design that improves its efficiency. To improve storage, first it is evaluated the capacity requirements compared with the availability in the centralized warehouse, thereby determining that there is enough space to move the products. Then the layout of blocks is designed from the method of graphs, establishing the physical layout of the areas inside the warehouse, for which it was compared four scenarios as use of space, equipment and costs, choosing the layout that offers a dimension of 50x32x6 [m] and a truck which requires an aisle width of 2.9 [m]. Then it is designed a layout of detail, establishing the location of each product based on certain criteria, like the optimization model to minimize the total distance, giving a solution of 29462.15 [m / month] in the racks and 84,350 , 72 [m / month] on shelves. This proposal reduces the number of warehouses in 63.63% and the control surface in 70%, improving supervision and reducing the risks of theft, along with the maximization of space, with gaps of 145.49% in shelves and 60.17% in racks, reducing volume losses that reach 72% today. Besides it improves the conditions of storage, minimizing internal travel times to 1304.8 [min / month] and the distances between the warehouses and machines in a 48.46%, where time and travel costs decrease in 36.89%, thus improving the efficiency of the storage system with a centralized warehouses.
Today the storage is not limited to having a physical space to store inventory, but part of the strategy within the supply chain, influencing aspects such as service level, cost of production and transportation among others, making this way increase competitive advantage, so its analysis has great importance. This thesis studies the case of Papeles Cordillera SA company, which has 11 warehouses of machine parts scattered throughout the plant. These warehouses show losses of space, poor infrastructure, not specific inventory location, loss of time, lack of control and materials exposed to damage, among others, which motivates the analysis and improvement of this storage system through centralized warehouses, proposing a design that improves its efficiency. To improve storage, first it is evaluated the capacity requirements compared with the availability in the centralized warehouse, thereby determining that there is enough space to move the products. Then the layout of blocks is designed from the method of graphs, establishing the physical layout of the areas inside the warehouse, for which it was compared four scenarios as use of space, equipment and costs, choosing the layout that offers a dimension of 50x32x6 [m] and a truck which requires an aisle width of 2.9 [m]. Then it is designed a layout of detail, establishing the location of each product based on certain criteria, like the optimization model to minimize the total distance, giving a solution of 29462.15 [m / month] in the racks and 84,350 , 72 [m / month] on shelves. This proposal reduces the number of warehouses in 63.63% and the control surface in 70%, improving supervision and reducing the risks of theft, along with the maximization of space, with gaps of 145.49% in shelves and 60.17% in racks, reducing volume losses that reach 72% today. Besides it improves the conditions of storage, minimizing internal travel times to 1304.8 [min / month] and the distances between the warehouses and machines in a 48.46%, where time and travel costs decrease in 36.89%, thus improving the efficiency of the storage system with a centralized warehouses.
Description
Keywords
Papeles Cordillera S.A., Gestión de almacenamiento, Control de inventarios, Distribución de existencias, Industria del papel, Centralización del almacenamiento
