Thesis Propuesta para la mejora de la calidad del agua a través de un sistema de filtración sostenible en la escuela básica Las Palmas en la comuna de Llay Llay
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Date
2025-05
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La presente memoria para optar al título de Ingeniera Civil Ambiental, titulada "Propuesta para la Mejora de la Calidad del Agua a través de un Sistema de Filtración Sostenible en la Escuela Básica Las Palmas en la comuna de Llay Llay" tiene como objetivo contribuir a la mejora de la calidad del agua en la Escuela Las Palmas de Llay Llay a través de un sistema sostenible de filtración de agua. Para lograrlo, se definieron cuatro objetivos específicos: (1) Diagnosticar las necesidades y afectaciones relacionadas con el acceso y la calidad del agua en la escuela. (2) Determinar el sistema de filtración más adecuado a partir de los criterios técnicos de la escuela y las necesidades detectadas. (3) Implementar el sistema de filtración asegurando su sostenibilidad. (4) Monitorear la eficiencia del sistema implementado y su impacto en la calidad del agua.
La metodología se estructuró en cuatro fases: diagnóstico inicial, análisis técnico y selección del sistema, implementación del sistema y finalmente, monitoreo y evaluación. Durante el diagnóstico, se identificó como principal problemática la percepción negativa de la calidad del agua. En la fase de análisis técnico, se consideraron diversos factores para comparar los filtros disponibles en el mercado, concluyendo que un sistema de filtración de tres etapas con carbón activado granular (GAC) era el más adecuado para satisfacer las necesidades de la escuela. La implementación incluyó capacitaciones, talleres y otras actividades con enfoque en educación ambiental. El monitoreo, basado en encuestas y análisis de muestras, reveló una mejora en la percepción de la calidad del agua y una reducción del cloro libre mayor al 90% a las dos semanas desde el primer recambio de filtros, evidenciando mejoras organolépticas.
Se concluye que el filtro seleccionado es el más adecuado, ya que fue escogido en base a un análisis integral, además, el sistema mejoró la percepción de la calidad del agua y los parámetros analizados. El sistema mostró un funcionamiento estable y las encuestas reflejaron un aumento en la confianza, seguridad y satisfacción con el sistema. La metodología propuesta es replicable y adaptable a otros contextos educativos.
The present thesis to qualify for the title of Environmental Civil Engineer, entitled "Proposal for the Improvement of Water Quality through a Sustainable Filtration System in the Las Palmas Basic School in the Llay Llay commune" aims to contribute to the improvement of water quality in the Las Palmas School of Llay Llay through a sustainable water filtration system. To achieve this, four specific objectives were defined: (1) Diagnose the needs and affectations related to access and water quality in the school. (2) Determine the most appropriate filtration system based on the technical criteria of the school and the needs detected. (3) Implement the filtration system ensuring its sustainability. (4) Monitor the efficiency of the implemented system and its impact on water quality. The methodology was structured in four phases: initial diagnosis, technical analysis and system selection, system implementation, and finally, monitoring and evaluation. During the diagnosis, the negative perception of water quality was identified as the main problem. In the technical analysis phase, various factors were considered to compare the filters available in the market, concluding that a three-stage filtration system with granular activated carbon (GAC) was the most suitable to meet the needs of the school. The implementation included training sessions, workshops and other activities with a focus on environmental education. The monitoring, based on surveys and sample analysis, revealed an improvement in the perception of water quality and a reduction of free chlorine greater than 90% two weeks after the first filter replacement, evidencing organoleptic improvements. It is concluded that the selected filter is the most suitable, as it was chosen based on a comprehensive analysis, in addition, the system improved the perception of water quality and the parameters analyzed. The system showed stable operation and the surveys reflected an increase in confidence, safety and satisfaction with the system. The proposed methodology is replicable and adaptable to other educational contexts.
The present thesis to qualify for the title of Environmental Civil Engineer, entitled "Proposal for the Improvement of Water Quality through a Sustainable Filtration System in the Las Palmas Basic School in the Llay Llay commune" aims to contribute to the improvement of water quality in the Las Palmas School of Llay Llay through a sustainable water filtration system. To achieve this, four specific objectives were defined: (1) Diagnose the needs and affectations related to access and water quality in the school. (2) Determine the most appropriate filtration system based on the technical criteria of the school and the needs detected. (3) Implement the filtration system ensuring its sustainability. (4) Monitor the efficiency of the implemented system and its impact on water quality. The methodology was structured in four phases: initial diagnosis, technical analysis and system selection, system implementation, and finally, monitoring and evaluation. During the diagnosis, the negative perception of water quality was identified as the main problem. In the technical analysis phase, various factors were considered to compare the filters available in the market, concluding that a three-stage filtration system with granular activated carbon (GAC) was the most suitable to meet the needs of the school. The implementation included training sessions, workshops and other activities with a focus on environmental education. The monitoring, based on surveys and sample analysis, revealed an improvement in the perception of water quality and a reduction of free chlorine greater than 90% two weeks after the first filter replacement, evidencing organoleptic improvements. It is concluded that the selected filter is the most suitable, as it was chosen based on a comprehensive analysis, in addition, the system improved the perception of water quality and the parameters analyzed. The system showed stable operation and the surveys reflected an increase in confidence, safety and satisfaction with the system. The proposed methodology is replicable and adaptable to other educational contexts.
Description
Keywords
Educación ambiental, Calidad del agua, Salud pública, Carbón activado granular
