Thesis Plan de negocios para la implementación de un gimnasio en la comuna de Santo Domingo.
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Date
2023-10
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Ingeniería Comercial
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Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
El presente informe lleva a cabo el desarrollo de un Plan de Negocios que tiene como objetivo evaluar la viabilidad de la implementación de un gimnasio en la comuna de Santo Domingo; lugar donde no se tiene ningún servicio de este estilo para el acceso público. Para esto, se busca proporcionar una guía estratégica completa con bases sólidas y justificadas para respaldar la implementación del proyecto, su desarrollo y su crecimiento; donde a través de la planificación en áreas clave como marketing, operaciones y finanzas, se espera que su implementación sea exitoso y rentable.
El primer paso fue entender a fondo el concepto del fitness, con el objetivo de tener un apoyo teórico acerca del negocio que ayude a tener bases sólidas para el trabajo de investigación; de esta forma, se estudió sus orígenes, su desarrollo y finalmente como llegó a consolidarse como una industria, específicamente la de los gimnasios. Esta industria fue analizada tanto a nivel global como nacional para entender el valor que genera, sus niveles de venta y posibles expectativas de crecimiento y desarrollo. Además, se dedicó trabajo en conocer a fondo lo que es un plan de negocios, su uso, su fin, como se desarrolla y qué herramientas son útiles para su elaboración.
Posteriormente a haber recaudado toda la información más relevante y actual para contar con los conocimientos adecuados acerca del negocio, y previo al desarrollo del plan, se llevó a cabo un análisis estratégico que busca comprender las variables y los distintos factores del entorno tanto a nivel externo como interno que pueden influir en el proyecto. Dentro de estos análisis, para el análisis externo fueron utilizadas herramientas como el PEST para entender las variables del macroentorno y las 5 Fuerzas de Porter para el microentorno; por otro lado, para el análisis interno se hizo uso de la herramienta de cadena de valor. Todo esto en conjunto sirvió para generar una Matriz FODA a modo de conclusión para englobar todos los factores del entorno que pueden beneficiar o perjudicar al proyecto.
Concluido el análisis estratégico, se procedió con el desarrollo del plan de negocios, donde en los primeros apartados se expone la idea de negocio, como nace, qué necesidad satisface, cómo lo hará, su misión, visión, en acompañamiento de un lienzo Canvas con los factores claves de éxito del negocio. También se desarrolla un breve análisis del mercado en el que va a existir, cómo opera y principales competidores. Finalmente, los tres pilares del plan que se dividieron en: Plan de Marketing, Plan Operacional y Plan financiero.
Dentro de Plan de Marketing, se definió el segmento objetivo para poder llevar a cabo el estudio de mercado; el cual una vez realizado, permitió encontrar a los potenciales clientes del gimnasio y sus características, específicamente gustos, preferencias y conductas; información clave para la elaboración de una estrategia competitiva y el marketing mix.
Por otro lado, el Plan Operacional sirvió para definir y establecer puntos importantes como el lugar ideal donde podría operar el gimnasio, el tamaño adecuado del establecimiento para brindar un servicio cómodo, la distribución de áreas de entrenamiento y de máquinas para ofrecer un buen flujo de personal, y finalmente al estandarización, manejo y ejecución de los procesos relevantes para el funcionamiento del gimnasio.
Finalmente, se llevó a cabo el último y más importante plan; el financiero, que tuvo como objetivo principal demostrar a través de distintos análisis si el proyecto es viable o no, dependiendo de si este genera rentabilidad o no y de ser así, en qué magnitud lo hace. De cara a esto, los resultados obtenidos tras los análisis desarrollados en este plan financiero permitieron identificar de manera detallada todos los niveles de gasto, como la inversión necesaria para dar marcha al gimnasio, los costos fijos involucrados, los costos variables que existen; y de manera importante, los ingresos del proyecto, pudiendo así generar un flujo de caja proyectado a 5 años a partir del 2024. Mediante el uso de indicadores de rentabilidad como el VAN y la TIR, se pudo concluir que el proyecto es viable, generando un Valor Actual Neto de $59.599.984 y con una Tasa Interna de Retorno de 44 ,8% sobre una Tasa de Descuento de 13,4%, recuperando la inversión a los 2 años y 8 meses. Para concluir, se generó un análisis de sensibilidad, alterando una variable importante del proyecto como lo es la demanda e ir identificando como variaban los indicadores de rentabilidad, principalmente para identificar que tan sensible es el proyecto ante cambios en esta variable. Así, se demostró que lo máximo que puede disminuir su demanda es en un 14,99% ya que pasado este punto el proyecto deja de ser rentable y comienza a tener números negativos.
This report carries out the development of a Business Plan that aims to evaluate the viability of the implementation of a gym in the commune of Santo Domingo; place where there is no service of this style for public access. For this, it seeks to provide a complete strategic guide with solid and justified bases to support the implementation of the project, its development,and its growth; where through planning in key areas such as marketing, operations and finances, its implementation is expected to be successful and profitable. The first step was to thoroughly understand the concept of fitness, with the aim of having theoretical support about the business that helps to have solid bases for research work; In this way, its origins, its development and finally how it came to be consolidated as an industry, specifically that of gyms, were studied. This industry was analyzed both at a global and national level to understand the value it generates, its sales levels and possible expectations for growth and development. In addition, work was dedicated to knowing in depth what a business plan is, its use, its purpose, how it is developed and what tools are useful for its preparation. After having collected all the most relevant and current information to have adequate knowledge about the business, and prior to developing the plan, a strategic analysis was carried out that seeks to understand the variables and the different factors of the environment both externallyas internal who can influence the project. Within these analyses, for the external analysis, tools such as the PEST were used to understand the variables of the macroenvironment and Porter's 5 Forces for the microenvironment;on the other hand, for the internal analysis, the value chain tool was used. All of this together served to generate a SWOT Matrix as a conclusion to encompass all the environmental factors that can benefit or harm the project. Once the strategic analysis was completed, the next step was toproceed with the development of the business plan, where in the first sections the business idea is presented, how it was born, what need it satisfies, how it will do it, its mission, vision, accompanied by a Canvas with the key success factors of the business. A brief analysis of the market in which it Will exist, how it operates,and main competitors is also developed. Finally, the three pillars of the plan were divided into: Marketing Plan, Operational Plan and Financial Plan. Within the Marketing Plan, the target segment was defined tocarry out the market study; which once carried out, allowed us to find the gym's potential clients and their characteristics, specifically tastes, preferences and behaviors; key information for the development of a competitive strategy and the marketing mix. On the other hand, the Operational Plan served to define and establish important points such as the ideal place where the gym could operate, the appropriate size of the establishment to provide a comfortable service, the distribution of training areas and machines to offer a good flow of personnel, and finally to the standardization, management,and execution of the processes relevant to the operation of the gym. Finally, the last and most important plan was carried out; the financial one, whose main objective was to demonstrate through different analyzes whether the project is viable or not, depending on whether it generates profitability or not and if so, to whatmagnitude it does so. In view of this, the results obtained after the analyzes developed in this financial plan made it possible to identify in detail all the levels of expenditure, such as the investment necessary to run the gym, the fixed costs involved, the variable costs that exist; and importantly, the income of the project, thus being able to generate a projected cash flow for 5 years starting in 2024. Usingprofitability indicators such as the NPV and the IRR, it was possible to conclude that the project is viable, generating a Net Present Value of $59,599,984 and with an Internal Rate of Return of 44.8% over a Discount Rate of 13.4%, recovering the investment after 2 years and 8 months. To conclude, a sensitivity analysis was generated, altering an important variable of the project such as demand and identifying how the profitability indicators varied, mainly to identify how sensitive the project is to changes in this variable. Thus, it was shown that the maximum that its demand can decrease is by 14.99% since after this point the project stops being profitable and begins to have negative numbers.
This report carries out the development of a Business Plan that aims to evaluate the viability of the implementation of a gym in the commune of Santo Domingo; place where there is no service of this style for public access. For this, it seeks to provide a complete strategic guide with solid and justified bases to support the implementation of the project, its development,and its growth; where through planning in key areas such as marketing, operations and finances, its implementation is expected to be successful and profitable. The first step was to thoroughly understand the concept of fitness, with the aim of having theoretical support about the business that helps to have solid bases for research work; In this way, its origins, its development and finally how it came to be consolidated as an industry, specifically that of gyms, were studied. This industry was analyzed both at a global and national level to understand the value it generates, its sales levels and possible expectations for growth and development. In addition, work was dedicated to knowing in depth what a business plan is, its use, its purpose, how it is developed and what tools are useful for its preparation. After having collected all the most relevant and current information to have adequate knowledge about the business, and prior to developing the plan, a strategic analysis was carried out that seeks to understand the variables and the different factors of the environment both externallyas internal who can influence the project. Within these analyses, for the external analysis, tools such as the PEST were used to understand the variables of the macroenvironment and Porter's 5 Forces for the microenvironment;on the other hand, for the internal analysis, the value chain tool was used. All of this together served to generate a SWOT Matrix as a conclusion to encompass all the environmental factors that can benefit or harm the project. Once the strategic analysis was completed, the next step was toproceed with the development of the business plan, where in the first sections the business idea is presented, how it was born, what need it satisfies, how it will do it, its mission, vision, accompanied by a Canvas with the key success factors of the business. A brief analysis of the market in which it Will exist, how it operates,and main competitors is also developed. Finally, the three pillars of the plan were divided into: Marketing Plan, Operational Plan and Financial Plan. Within the Marketing Plan, the target segment was defined tocarry out the market study; which once carried out, allowed us to find the gym's potential clients and their characteristics, specifically tastes, preferences and behaviors; key information for the development of a competitive strategy and the marketing mix. On the other hand, the Operational Plan served to define and establish important points such as the ideal place where the gym could operate, the appropriate size of the establishment to provide a comfortable service, the distribution of training areas and machines to offer a good flow of personnel, and finally to the standardization, management,and execution of the processes relevant to the operation of the gym. Finally, the last and most important plan was carried out; the financial one, whose main objective was to demonstrate through different analyzes whether the project is viable or not, depending on whether it generates profitability or not and if so, to whatmagnitude it does so. In view of this, the results obtained after the analyzes developed in this financial plan made it possible to identify in detail all the levels of expenditure, such as the investment necessary to run the gym, the fixed costs involved, the variable costs that exist; and importantly, the income of the project, thus being able to generate a projected cash flow for 5 years starting in 2024. Usingprofitability indicators such as the NPV and the IRR, it was possible to conclude that the project is viable, generating a Net Present Value of $59,599,984 and with an Internal Rate of Return of 44.8% over a Discount Rate of 13.4%, recovering the investment after 2 years and 8 months. To conclude, a sensitivity analysis was generated, altering an important variable of the project such as demand and identifying how the profitability indicators varied, mainly to identify how sensitive the project is to changes in this variable. Thus, it was shown that the maximum that its demand can decrease is by 14.99% since after this point the project stops being profitable and begins to have negative numbers.
Description
Keywords
Planificación en los negocios, Planificación estratégica, Gimnasio, Comuna Santo Domingo, Plan de marketing
