Thesis Aislamiento y caracterización de cepas bacterianas hidrocarbonoclásticas aisladas desde suelos costeros y evaluación de su potencial biodegradación de hidrocarburos aromáticos
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Date
2024-11
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Los ambientes costeros son afectados por la actividad antropogénica, donde los hidrocarburos (HC) son contaminantes relevantes en estos sistemas. Los procesos de biorremediación utilizan microorganismos para la recuperación de ambientes contaminados, mejorando el crecimiento de bacterias nativas degradadoras. Enriquecimientos microbianos frente a contaminantes recalcitrantes como los hidrocarburos aromáticos (e.g. fluoranteno) nos permiten obtener aislados con capacidades catabólicas específicas. Alcanivorax, Cycloclasticus, Marinobacter, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes son géneros con la capacidad de degradar HC frecuentemente aislados en ambientes costeros. El objetivo de este estudio es aislar y caracterizar bacterias degradadoras de hidrocarburos (i.e,m hidrocarbonoclásticas) desde ensayos de biorremediación y enriquecimiento de suelo costero contaminado (Viña del Mar). Dos enfoques para el aislamiento fueron realizados; diluciones seriadas desde un experimento de biorremediación de suelo costero en medio rico TSA o en medio mínimo marino (ONR7a) en presencia de diésel o BTEX, respectivamente; ensayos de enriquecimiento con estireno (1% v/v) o fluoranteno (100 mg/L) en medio mínimo ONR7a. Las cepas aisladas desde medios los TSA, MA y ONR7a fueron identificadas mediante extracción de DNA, amplificación del gen 16S ARNr (27F, 1492R) y posterior secuenciación parcial (800R). Se aislaron 200 cepas tolerantes a diésel, 60 tolerantes a BTEX, 81 tolerantes a fluoranteno y 27 tolerantes a estireno. De las 368 cepas, se identificaron 243 a nivel de género, distribuidos en 4 filos (Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota; Bacillota), 8 clases, 16 órdenes, 27 familias y 50 géneros. Se obtuvieron géneros previamente reportados como hidrocarbonoclásticos, incluyendo Alloalcanivorax, Isoalcanivorax, Arthrobacter, Dietzia, Marinobacter, Kocuria, Variovorax, además de cepas que podrían representar nuevos géneros bacterianos. Además, se evaluó el rango de pH y crecimiento utilizando HC en seis cepas, utilizando caldo marino (MB) pH 5,35–9,51 y medio ONR7a con diésel, BTEX, estireno y fluoranteno como única fuente de carbono, respectivamente. Las cepas del género Alcanivorax e Isoalcanivorax crecieron en caldo marino (MB) entre pH 6,9-9,5 y utilizan diésel como fuente de carbono, lo que resalta su potencial para procesos de biorremediación. La bioprospección y evaluación de cepas hidrocarbonoclásticas desde ambientes costeros nos permite diversificar las cepas disponibles para procesos de biorremediación adecuados a las condiciones sitio-específicas de cada ecosistema.
Coastal environments are affected by anthropogenic activities, with hydrocarbons (HC) being significant contaminants in these ecosystems. Bioremediation processes use microorganisms to restore contaminated environments, enhancing the growth of native degrading bacteria. Enrichment experiments allow the isolation of strains with specific metabolic capabilities, particularly against recalcitrant compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., fluoranthene). Alcanivorax, Cycloclasticus, Marinobacter, Rhodococcus, and Alcaligenes are genera frequently isolated from coastal environments with the capacity to degrade HC. The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (i.e., hydrocarbonoclastic) from bioremediation and enrichment assays in hydrocarbon-contaminated coastal soil (Viña del Mar). Two approaches were carried out: serial dilutions from a coastal soil bioremediation experiment in a rich medium (TSA) or minimal marine medium (ONR7a) in the presence of diesel or BTEX, respectively; and enrichment assays with styrene (1% v/v) or fluoranthene (100 mg/L) in ONR7a. The strains isolated from TSA, MA, and ONR7a media were identified through DNA extraction, 16S gene amplification (27F, 1492R), and subsequent partial sequencing (800R). A total of 200 diesel-tolerant, 100 BTEX-tolerant, 81 fluoranthene-tolerant, and 27 styrene-tolerant strains were isolated. Of the 408 strains, 243 were identified at the genus level, spanning 4 phyla (Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota), 8 classes, 16 orders, 27 families, and 48 genera. Hydrocarbonoclastic genera previously reported, including Alcanivorax, Alloalcanivorax, Isoalcanivorax, Arthrobacter, Dietzia, Marinobacter, Kocuria, and Variovorax, were obtained, in addition to strains that may represent novel bacterial genera. Furthermore, the pH range and growth using HC were evaluated in six strains using marine broth (MB) at pH 5.35–9.51 and ONR7a medium with diesel, BTEX, styrene, and fluoranthene as the sole carbon sources, respectively. Strains from the genera Alcanivorax and Isoalcanivorax grew in marine broth (MB) at pH 6.9-9.5 and utilized diesel as a carbon source, highlighting their potential for bioremediation processes. The bioprospecting and evaluation of hydrocarbonoclastic strains from coastal environments enable the diversification of strains available for bioremediation processes for the site-specific conditions of each ecosystem.
Coastal environments are affected by anthropogenic activities, with hydrocarbons (HC) being significant contaminants in these ecosystems. Bioremediation processes use microorganisms to restore contaminated environments, enhancing the growth of native degrading bacteria. Enrichment experiments allow the isolation of strains with specific metabolic capabilities, particularly against recalcitrant compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., fluoranthene). Alcanivorax, Cycloclasticus, Marinobacter, Rhodococcus, and Alcaligenes are genera frequently isolated from coastal environments with the capacity to degrade HC. The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (i.e., hydrocarbonoclastic) from bioremediation and enrichment assays in hydrocarbon-contaminated coastal soil (Viña del Mar). Two approaches were carried out: serial dilutions from a coastal soil bioremediation experiment in a rich medium (TSA) or minimal marine medium (ONR7a) in the presence of diesel or BTEX, respectively; and enrichment assays with styrene (1% v/v) or fluoranthene (100 mg/L) in ONR7a. The strains isolated from TSA, MA, and ONR7a media were identified through DNA extraction, 16S gene amplification (27F, 1492R), and subsequent partial sequencing (800R). A total of 200 diesel-tolerant, 100 BTEX-tolerant, 81 fluoranthene-tolerant, and 27 styrene-tolerant strains were isolated. Of the 408 strains, 243 were identified at the genus level, spanning 4 phyla (Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota), 8 classes, 16 orders, 27 families, and 48 genera. Hydrocarbonoclastic genera previously reported, including Alcanivorax, Alloalcanivorax, Isoalcanivorax, Arthrobacter, Dietzia, Marinobacter, Kocuria, and Variovorax, were obtained, in addition to strains that may represent novel bacterial genera. Furthermore, the pH range and growth using HC were evaluated in six strains using marine broth (MB) at pH 5.35–9.51 and ONR7a medium with diesel, BTEX, styrene, and fluoranthene as the sole carbon sources, respectively. Strains from the genera Alcanivorax and Isoalcanivorax grew in marine broth (MB) at pH 6.9-9.5 and utilized diesel as a carbon source, highlighting their potential for bioremediation processes. The bioprospecting and evaluation of hydrocarbonoclastic strains from coastal environments enable the diversification of strains available for bioremediation processes for the site-specific conditions of each ecosystem.
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Keywords
Derrames de petróleo, Biorremedación, Valparaíso (Chile)
