Thesis Determinación del peso del pasajero y su equipaje total antes de abordar el avión.
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Date
2008-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
En la presente memoria se realiza un estudio al significado de la determinación del peso de los pasajeros antes de abordar un avión y determinar su factibilidad e implicancias en el desarrollo operativo de una línea aérea. Luego de tener una justificación sólida para comenzar a indagar en el tema se concluyen los objetivos primordiales que busca este estudio en los cuales contamos con seguridad y optimización de los recursos disponibles, ejemplos como la maximización de carga o ahorro de combustible.
Para iniciar este estudio, se recopila y ordena la información, para luego presentar el panorama general del proceso que realiza la Administración Federal de Aviación de EE.UU. (FAA son las siglas en inglés) y Compañías Aéreas Nacionales para determinar el peso estimado de los pasajeros que actualmente utilizan en el proceso de peso y balance de la aeronave.
Para verificar si las líneas aéreas cumplen con los estándares de seguridad óptimos en lo que respecta a carga de la aeronave, se realiza un estudio estadístico referente al pesaje de los chilenos, el cual se basa en una toma de datos de pesaje a una cantidad no menor de hombres y mujeres, lo suficientemente representativa, con el objetivo de estimar con sólidas herramientas estadísticas, un propio peso para cada sexo. La metodología de verificación consiste en comparar a través de una simple sustracción la diferencia total del peso considerado para los pasajeros según la línea aérea LAN, quien fue la que entregó tales registros para el presente estudio y, el peso total obtenido en el desarrollo estadístico del presente trabajo.
Adicionalmente a lo netamente estadístico, se realiza un análisis al entorno que rodea actualmente a este nuevo proceso que se podría utilizar en el aeropuerto, con el objetivo de estimar ciertas consideraciones que se deben tener, para que tal procedimiento, pueda cumplir con todos los objetivos que fueron propuestos al inicio del estudio. Se estima las condiciones de la estructura tecnológica que debe utilizar y los canales de comunicación que deben tener los departamentos participantes, en los procesos vinculados a la carga total que transportará la aeronave.
Según los resultados obtenidos en el avance de este estudio, se pudo obtener considerables conclusiones referentes al tema tratado. A nivel técnico, para implantar este proyecto en el aeropuerto debe existir una gran coordinación en línea entre los agentes vinculados al carguío de la aeronave y sus implicancias a esta. Toda esta coordinación, será resultado de la continua entrega de información que el equipo tecnológico que tomará el pesaje de los pasajeros justo en la puerta de embarque; lugar trascendental para este proceso, debido a que el pasajero que pase por el mencionado sector, su peso será registrado por completo, incluyendo bolso de mano y pertenencias que haya adquirido en las zonas habilitadas para el comercio en el aeropuerto.
Con relación a la aprobación de este proyecto y su posible uso, se deben tener consideraciones que se alejan bastante de lo operativo del tema, que es la posible queja de los usuarios por el proceso, esencialmente porque lo consideran que atenta contra la intimidad e imagen, el saber que una persona ajena conozca su peso. La posible respuesta para rebatir tal queja según la Compañía Aérea, es esencialmente que se realiza por seguridad en el vuelo y además que los datos registrados en el proceso de pesaje no son relacionados con una persona determinada, sino que son datos acumulativos para obtener el peso total del avión.
En cuanto a los objetivos específicos que busca este estudio, se puede corroborar según el análisis estadístico desarrollado, que las líneas aéreas cumplen cabalmente con los estándares de seguridad relacionados a carga de la aeronave, ya que en lo que respecta a pesaje estimado, presentan una diferencia a favor de lo calculado en este análisis. Para el caso de los hombres presentan una diferencia de 3.0 [Kg] en cambio para lo que respecta a las mujeres presentan una cifra no menor de 10.0 [Kg]. No es menor mencionar, que uno de los principales pilares de las aerolíneas nacionales es la seguridad, y es en gran medida que utilizan datos según la FAA, por lo que lógicamente estarán excedidos en el estimado, ya que los datos que utilizan representan el peso de la población norteamericana y europea.
Asimismo, una diferencia en carga de la aeronave según lo real, puede ser aprovechada, no solo con más carga de pago sino que además con una combinación óptima de esta última con la utilización de combustible. Estos parámetros son de gran importancia en el mercado aeronáutico, ya que el primero es el concepto que genera más utilidades en una aerolínea, en cambio el sostenido crecimiento del precio del combustible de aviación, ha hecho que las líneas aéreas a nivel mundial, hayan tenido pérdidas entre el 2001 y 2005 de US$ 42 mil millones.
En términos de tal relación, se analiza y busca la optimización de la aeronave, según la distancia a recorrer en el vuelo, lo que respecta a carga las ganancias son directamente proporcionales ya que poseen un costo de Kilo por Kilómetro transportado de US$ 0.023. Sin embargo, se debe considerar, que el gasto de combustible es inversamente proporcional a la distancia a recorrer, por lo que el gasto económico es cada vez mayor por esto, por lo que el resultado optimizado dependerá esencialmente de la carga de pago existente en pasajeros y la distancia al lugar de destino.
Finalmente se demuestra que existe una diferencia entre el peso total estimado de los pasajeros y el real, alcanzando los objetivos planteados al inicio del estudio, que esencialmente era conocer el peso del pasajero, con la finalidad de maximizar la carga de pago y generar ahorro en los recursos de alto costo, como lo es el combustible, pero teniendo siempre como límite las barreras de la seguridad operacional.
In the present report a study has been made, to the significance of determining the weight of passengers before boarding an aircraft and establishing its feasibility and implications in the operative development of an airline. After having a strong justification to begin to find out into the present subject, come to a conclusion those primary objectives this investigation seeks to, in which it has be counted safety and optimization of available resources, like maximizing freight or fuel economy. To start this thesis, it is necessary to collect and to order the whole information, to finally present the overall picture of the process that makes FAA and National Air Companies to determine the estimated weight of passengers, which is currently used in the process of weight and balance of the aircraft. With the objective of verifying if airlines follow the optimus safety standards in terms of freight’s aircraft, it is conducting a study about Chilean’s people weighing based on a data’s weighing collection, to a significant group of both sexes. The verification’s methodology consists in comparing through a simple subtraction the total gap of the considered weight for passengers according to LAN, who delivered those records for this study, and the final weight obtained in the development of this statistical report. In addition to the purely statistical, it must be done an analysis to the environment that currently surrounds this new process, that could be used at the airport with the objective of estimating certain considerations to this procedure can accomplish all the objectives that were proposed at the beginning of the study. The terms of technological structure to be used are considered, so as communication’s frequencies that participants departments should take, in the linked processes to the final freight in the aircraft. According to the achieved results in the advancement of this study, significant findings were obtained concerning the topic. At technical level speaking, to implement this project at the airport there must be a large on-line coordination between involved actors in the freight’s aircraft and in it’s implications to itself. All this coordination will be a result of the continued information’s delivery of the technologic equipment which will take the weighing of the passengers right at the boarding gate; important place for this process, because when each passenger is passing through the area above mentioned, their weight will be entirety recorded, including handbag and personal belongings acquired in authorized areas at the airport. In relation to the approval of this project and its possible use, it is necessary to have considerations that are quite distant from the operating topic, because it’s possible several complaints from users during the procedure, essentially for they will consider that violates privacy and image, because a complete stranger will know their weight. The possible answer to rebut this complaint according to the Air Company is mainly that this action is performed for flight’s safety and the recorded data in the weighing process are not related to a particular person but are cumulative data to obtain the total weight of the plane. In terms of the specific objectives that this study seeks, can be confirmed according to the statistical analysis developed, that airlines fully comply with the safety standards related to the aircraft’s freight, because in relation to the estimated weighing, shows a difference in favor of calculated data in this analysis. In the case of men have a difference of 3.0 [Kg] in contrast to women, who present a number of 10.0 [Kg]. Is important to mention that one of the biggest pillars of national airlines is the safety, so they mainly use data from the FAA, logically therefore will be exceeded in the rough amount because the used data represents the weight of the American and European population. According to real facts, a gap in the aircraft’s freight can be seized not only with a greater payload, but also with an optimal combination of this one with the use of fuel. These parameters have a great importance in the aeronautical market, because the concept mentioned above, generates more profits in the airline while the sustained growth of the aviation’s fuel price, has caused a lost of US$ 42 thousand million between 2001 and 2005, to airlines worldwide. In terms of such a connection, the aircraft’s optimization should be searched and analyzed according to the distance travelled on the flight; regarding to the freight, earnings are directly proportional because they have a cost of US$ 0.023 of kilo per transported kilometer. However it should be considered that fuel’s utilization, is inversely proportional to the travelled distance, so the economic cost is bigger. Therefore, the optimized result mainly depends on the payload in passengers, and the distance to the place of landing. Finally it has been shown, that there is a difference between the estimated total weight of passengers and the real weight, reaching the goals set at the beginning of this investigation, wich were mainly to know the weight of the passenger with the purpose of maximizing the payload and generate savings to the high cost of resources, such as fuel, but always taking as limit the operational security barriers.
In the present report a study has been made, to the significance of determining the weight of passengers before boarding an aircraft and establishing its feasibility and implications in the operative development of an airline. After having a strong justification to begin to find out into the present subject, come to a conclusion those primary objectives this investigation seeks to, in which it has be counted safety and optimization of available resources, like maximizing freight or fuel economy. To start this thesis, it is necessary to collect and to order the whole information, to finally present the overall picture of the process that makes FAA and National Air Companies to determine the estimated weight of passengers, which is currently used in the process of weight and balance of the aircraft. With the objective of verifying if airlines follow the optimus safety standards in terms of freight’s aircraft, it is conducting a study about Chilean’s people weighing based on a data’s weighing collection, to a significant group of both sexes. The verification’s methodology consists in comparing through a simple subtraction the total gap of the considered weight for passengers according to LAN, who delivered those records for this study, and the final weight obtained in the development of this statistical report. In addition to the purely statistical, it must be done an analysis to the environment that currently surrounds this new process, that could be used at the airport with the objective of estimating certain considerations to this procedure can accomplish all the objectives that were proposed at the beginning of the study. The terms of technological structure to be used are considered, so as communication’s frequencies that participants departments should take, in the linked processes to the final freight in the aircraft. According to the achieved results in the advancement of this study, significant findings were obtained concerning the topic. At technical level speaking, to implement this project at the airport there must be a large on-line coordination between involved actors in the freight’s aircraft and in it’s implications to itself. All this coordination will be a result of the continued information’s delivery of the technologic equipment which will take the weighing of the passengers right at the boarding gate; important place for this process, because when each passenger is passing through the area above mentioned, their weight will be entirety recorded, including handbag and personal belongings acquired in authorized areas at the airport. In relation to the approval of this project and its possible use, it is necessary to have considerations that are quite distant from the operating topic, because it’s possible several complaints from users during the procedure, essentially for they will consider that violates privacy and image, because a complete stranger will know their weight. The possible answer to rebut this complaint according to the Air Company is mainly that this action is performed for flight’s safety and the recorded data in the weighing process are not related to a particular person but are cumulative data to obtain the total weight of the plane. In terms of the specific objectives that this study seeks, can be confirmed according to the statistical analysis developed, that airlines fully comply with the safety standards related to the aircraft’s freight, because in relation to the estimated weighing, shows a difference in favor of calculated data in this analysis. In the case of men have a difference of 3.0 [Kg] in contrast to women, who present a number of 10.0 [Kg]. Is important to mention that one of the biggest pillars of national airlines is the safety, so they mainly use data from the FAA, logically therefore will be exceeded in the rough amount because the used data represents the weight of the American and European population. According to real facts, a gap in the aircraft’s freight can be seized not only with a greater payload, but also with an optimal combination of this one with the use of fuel. These parameters have a great importance in the aeronautical market, because the concept mentioned above, generates more profits in the airline while the sustained growth of the aviation’s fuel price, has caused a lost of US$ 42 thousand million between 2001 and 2005, to airlines worldwide. In terms of such a connection, the aircraft’s optimization should be searched and analyzed according to the distance travelled on the flight; regarding to the freight, earnings are directly proportional because they have a cost of US$ 0.023 of kilo per transported kilometer. However it should be considered that fuel’s utilization, is inversely proportional to the travelled distance, so the economic cost is bigger. Therefore, the optimized result mainly depends on the payload in passengers, and the distance to the place of landing. Finally it has been shown, that there is a difference between the estimated total weight of passengers and the real weight, reaching the goals set at the beginning of this investigation, wich were mainly to know the weight of the passenger with the purpose of maximizing the payload and generate savings to the high cost of resources, such as fuel, but always taking as limit the operational security barriers.
Description
Keywords
Transporte aéreo, Seguridad aérea, Pasajeros, Aeronaves, Peso y balance de aeronaves
