Thesis DESARROLLO DE HERRAMIENTAS DE CÁLCULO Y TECNOLOGÍAS APLICABLES A LOS SISTEMAS DE AGUA CALIENTE SANITARIA (ACS) Y CALEFACCIÓN (ACC) EN HOSPITALES COMPLEJOS
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Date
2017
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Abstract
Este trabajo se enmarca en el Programa de Eficiencia Energética en Edificios Públicos(PEEEP) en Hospitales de Alta Complejidad (HAC) 2016 y utiliza la informaciónentregada por la Unidad de Diagnóstico Energético (UDE) 2015, ambos proyectosdesarrollados por la Agencia Chilena de Eficiencia Energética (AChEE) de acuerdo alo propuesto en la Agenda de Energía impulsada por el gobierno. El objetivo generaldel trabajo es desarrollar de una herramienta de cálculo que permita dimensionarcentrales térmicas para suplir la demanda de Agua Caliente Sanitaria (ACS) y AguaCaliente para Calefacción (ACC) en HACS a lo largo de todo Chile.Primero, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica para comparar distintas formas dedeterminar la demanda de energía para ACS y ACC, las formas de producción y lastecnologías utilizadas. Se presenta la metodología utilizada para desarrollar laherramienta de cálculo, la cual está basada en una programación lineal cuya funciónobjetivo es minimizar la inversión realizada por sobre los ahorros económicosobtenidos por el cambio de tecnología.Por último, se presenta la validación de la herramienta en los HACS de Quilpué, LosAndes y Valdivia, considerando la generación conjunta porque presenta un mejorretorno de la inversión que la generación individual, y comparando la inversiónpropuesta con el presupuesto de la AChEE para cada hospital. Los resultados indicanque, en Quilpué, usando el 44% del presupuesto se generaría un ahorro de 442 [MWhaño]y el retorno de la inversión sería de 29 años; en Los Andes, con un 68% del presupuestoes posible obtener un ahorro de 781 [MWhaño] y la inversión se recupera en 6 años. EnValdivia la inversión sería el 200% del presupuesto, considerando calefacción en losmeses de invierno durante 12[h]; si se considera calefacción todo el año, la inversiónsería el 92% del presupuesto. Como el costo del combustible propuesto es casi 4,5 eldel combustible actual no existe retorno de la inversión en ningún caso, pero lareducción del impacto ambiental de la actividad del hospital justificaría el cambio.
This project`s framework lies within the Public Building Energy Efficiency Programspecifically its High Complexity Hospitals division, and uses information provided bythe Energy Diagnostic Unit 2015, both projects developed by the Energy EfficiencyChilean Agency (EEChA) as proposed in the Energy Agenda promoted by thegovernment. The project`s general objective is to develop a calculation tool that allowsto size thermal power plants to supply the demand of Sanitary Hot Water (SHW) andHeating by Hot Water (HHW) in Hospitals throughout Chile.First, a bibliographic review is carried out to compare different ways of determiningenergy demand for SHW and HHW, production methods and technologies used. Themethodology used to develop the calculation tool is shown, which is based in a linearprogramming whose objective function is to minimize the investment made over theeconomic savings obtained by the change in technology.Lastly, the calculation tool developed is validated in the Hospitals located in Quilpué,Los Andes and Valdivia, considering joint generation, because it provides a betterinvestment return than the individual generation, and comparing the proposedinvestment with the EEChA’s budget for each hospital. The results indicate that, inQuilpué’s case, using 44% of the budget would generate savings for 442 [MWhyear] andan investment return of 29 years. In Los Andes, using a 68% of the budget makespossible to save 781 [MWhyear] and the investment is recovered in 6 years. In Valdivia if12[h] of heating in winter months is assumed , the investment would be almost 200%of the budget, if it is considered year-round heating, the investment would be 92% ofthe budget. Since the cost of the proposed fuel is almost 4,5 times that of the currentfuel there would not be any investment return either way, however, the lowerenvironmental impact of the hospital activities would justify this change.
This project`s framework lies within the Public Building Energy Efficiency Programspecifically its High Complexity Hospitals division, and uses information provided bythe Energy Diagnostic Unit 2015, both projects developed by the Energy EfficiencyChilean Agency (EEChA) as proposed in the Energy Agenda promoted by thegovernment. The project`s general objective is to develop a calculation tool that allowsto size thermal power plants to supply the demand of Sanitary Hot Water (SHW) andHeating by Hot Water (HHW) in Hospitals throughout Chile.First, a bibliographic review is carried out to compare different ways of determiningenergy demand for SHW and HHW, production methods and technologies used. Themethodology used to develop the calculation tool is shown, which is based in a linearprogramming whose objective function is to minimize the investment made over theeconomic savings obtained by the change in technology.Lastly, the calculation tool developed is validated in the Hospitals located in Quilpué,Los Andes and Valdivia, considering joint generation, because it provides a betterinvestment return than the individual generation, and comparing the proposedinvestment with the EEChA’s budget for each hospital. The results indicate that, inQuilpué’s case, using 44% of the budget would generate savings for 442 [MWhyear] andan investment return of 29 years. In Los Andes, using a 68% of the budget makespossible to save 781 [MWhyear] and the investment is recovered in 6 years. In Valdivia if12[h] of heating in winter months is assumed , the investment would be almost 200%of the budget, if it is considered year-round heating, the investment would be 92% ofthe budget. Since the cost of the proposed fuel is almost 4,5 times that of the currentfuel there would not be any investment return either way, however, the lowerenvironmental impact of the hospital activities would justify this change.
Description
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Keywords
AGUA CALIENTE PARA CALEFACCION, AGUA CALIENTE SANITARIA, CENTRALES TERMICAS, EDIFICIOS PUBLICOS, EFICIENCIA ENERGETICA, HOSPITALES DE ALTA COMPLEJIDAD