Propuesta de optimización del modelo de fiscalización en la inspección fiscal para la explotación de obras viales concesionadas.

Abstract

El presente documento tiene como propósito entregar una propuesta de mejora al actual modelo de fiscalización de obras viales concesionadas en etapa de explotación en Chile, basada en el análisis e implementación de mejoras en sus causas raíces. A principios de la década de los noventa, Chile abrió sus puertas a los mercados internacionales y a oportunidades para la inversión en infraestructura pública a través del Sistema de Concesiones, sustentado en una asociación público-privada (APP), que permitió el origen de los contratos de concesión en materia de infraestructura y obras públicas. Los contratos de concesión consideran tres actores relevantes: una Sociedad Concesionaria, encargada de construir y/u operar la obra; el Estado, representado por la Inspección Fiscal del MOP; y el activo concesionado, correspondiente a la carretera o autopista. Para el cumplimiento de los objetivos de fiscalización, resulta fundamental el apoyo de una Asesoría a la Inspección Fiscal (AIF), orientada al mismo objetivo estratégico. Los consultores postulantes presentan ofertas técnicas y económicas conforme a las Bases para Contratos de Asesoría a la Inspección Fiscal para Contratos de Obras Públicas Concesionadas; sin embargo, se detectó que dichas bases omiten elementos relevantes para evaluar adecuadamente a los consultores, por lo que esta memoria propone replantear la resolución vigente. Mediante el método de causa raíz y el apoyo de expertos, se identificaron seis variables críticas de mejora: tecnología, procesos, usuario, calidad, governance y recursos. A partir de ello, se desarrollaron tres alternativas de solución(...). The purpose of this document is to present a proposal for improvement to the current model for the control of road works under concession in the exploitation stage in Chile, based on the analysis and implementation of improvement in their root causes. At the beginning of the nineties, Chile opened its doors to international markets and opportunities for investment in public infrastructure through the Concessions System, supported by a State-Private partnership called APP (Public-Private Partnership), which allowed the origin of concession contracts in infrastructure and public works. The concession contracts have three important actors: a Concessionaire Corporation that is the one that is awarded the work to build and/or operate, a Principal that is the State and is represented by the Fiscal Inspection of the MOP in this case and finally a Asset of State that for highway works concessioned it would be the highway or highway itself. To achieve the objectives of the Fiscal Inspector to ensure compliance with the contract, it is extremely important to have the support of a Fiscal Inspection Advisory (AIF) aimed at the same strategic objective. The applicants consultants to be AIF present their technical and economic offers according to the Bases for Contracts of Advisory to the Fiscal Inspection for Contracts of Public Works Concessions, that basically consider the obligations that the Advisory must have to give fulfillment to the diverse works of inspection. In that sense, it was detected that these bases leave many elements aside that are not considered and that are still to be addressed when assessing the applicant consultants, therefore this report proposes to rethink the resolution currently in force. That said, through the Root Cause Method and the help of experts, six critical improvement variables were detected that were subjected to remedial measures in order to minimize their negative impacts, these are: Technology, Processes, User, Quality, Governance and Resources. Then, three alternatives(...).