Thesis Calidad en las compañías de telefonía móvil en Chile debido a cambios en la industria.
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Date
2013-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
En Chile hasta principios del año 2012 existían sólo 3 compañías móviles con redes celulares operativas: Movistar, Claro y Entel, más un cuarto operador móvil virtual (OMV), GTD Móvil, que presta servicio en el sur de Chile entre Bío Bío y Aysén. El presente documento muestra el desarrollo de un estudio de investigación que pretende mostrar cómo ha evolucionado la industria de la telefonía móvil en Chile desde la implementación de la portabilidad numérica y el ingreso de 3 nuevos competidores a la industria: VTR Móvil, Nextel que poseen con redes 3G propias y un operador móvil virtual, y Virgin Mobile que opera con la plataforma de Movistar pero tiene tráfico de minutos y de datos diferentes. El objetivo central de este estudio es generar una propuesta que permita medir el nivel de calidad de las empresas de telefonía móvil en Chile, respecto a las necesidades del actual consumidor en el nuevo escenario que presenta el mercado mediante la búsqueda de la calidad total de sus servicios. Para cumplir con lo anterior se deben realizar variadas actividades de investigación y recopilación de información tal como se detallan a continuación. La primera etapa del estudio consiste en realizar un diagnóstico de la industria del cual se obtiene que a marzo de 2013, la cantidad de abonados en la industria de la telefonía móvil en Chile fue de 24.106.000, con una penetración de 137,6 cada 100 habitantes; esto entrega un promedio de 1,38líneas telefónicas por habitante. En tanto que en el primer trimestre de 2010 sólo se registraron 17.079.000 abonados y la penetración fue de 100,2; esto indica la importancia y el rápido y constante crecimiento que ha tenido la industria durante estos últimos años. Por otro lado a septiembre de 2013, en términos netos (diferencia entre la cantidad de clientes que han captado y la cantidad de clientes que han perdido), Movistar ha sido la empresa que ha perdido más clientes con un número ascendente a 188.135, seguida por Entel con 53.405; mientras que la más beneficiada ha sido Claro con 164.508 nuevos clientes, seguida lentamente por las nuevas compañías Virgin Mobile con 52.454, Nextel con 11.734 y VTR con 10.679 clientes.
3Al realizar un análisis sobre la portabilidad numérica a nivel internacional se sabe que a un año de su implementación, Chile es el país que más ha realizado portaciones a nivel latinoamericano. Esto refleja que muchos de los clientes no están satisfechos con lo que les entrega su compañía de telefonía móvil y cómo ahora pueden conservar el número, pueden probar todas las compañías si lo desean. La portabilidad numérica provoca que los usuarios de la industria sean más exigentes y elijan la compañía que satisfaga completamente sus necesidades, es por esto que se realiza un levantamiento de datos para identificar cuáles son los principales atributos y elementos valorados por los clientes de telefonía móvil que influyen en la calidad y satisfacción del servicio que reciben; esto consta de tres etapas: fase exploratoria donde se entrevista a clientes y trabajadores de las distintas compañías, a continuación de realiza la pre-prueba donde se aplica un primer filtro de encuesta para ir tanteando las preguntas que serán definitivas y finalmente se realiza la fase de prueba. En la fase de prueba se aplica una encuesta a 51 personas, la cual recopila opiniones de los clientes sobre el escenario actual de la industria y mide cantidad de usuarios que se cambiaron de compañía, cuántos han presentado reclamos, entre otros. También se solicitó hacer un ranking de la industria, mostrando que los clientes de todas las compañías prefieren en primer lugar Entel. Los usos de la telefonía móvil llevan el siguiente orden según preferencias: entrada y salida de llamadas, uso de redes sociales, navegar por internet y finalmente usar el servicio de mensajería(SMS y MMS). Por otro lado,un88% de los encuestados cree la portabilidad numérica aumenta la oferta y mejora la competencia, un 57% piensa que existen más promociones disponibles, en tanto que un 55% cree que disminuyen las tarifas y el proceso de cambio de compañía es más rápido. A continuación de los resultados de la industria se lleva a cabo el desarrollo del modelo Kano y un esquema del modelo Servqual, ambos modelos de calidad utilizados para conocer opiniones, percepciones y expectativas de los usuarios. Los resultados del modelo Kano arrojan que para los encuestados no existen requerimientos básicos, mostrando un cambio dentro de las percepciones en comparación con un tiempo atrás antes de que se masificara tanto el internet móvil y las redes sociales. Existen requerimientos de desempeño, esto quiere decir que a medida que se cumplan, el cliente estará satisfecho y
4su nivel de satisfacción será proporcional al nivel en que la compañía cumpla; en este grupo se encuentran: Acceso a una sucursal virtual, Realizar llamadas sin interrupciones, Sucursales y ejecutivos siempre disponibles, Variedad de planes y tarifas, Buena cobertura y Buena conexión a internet. Y por otro lado están los requerimientos atractivos, los cuales generan una satisfacción extra en el cliente, al ser algo que no esperaban tales como: Club de beneficios, Aplicación WA gratis, Acumular minutos no utilizados para el próximo mes, Planes con equipo costo cero. A continuación se aplica el modelo expectativas y percepciones del modelo Servqual, el cual mide 5 dimensiones de la calidad: Tangibles, Capacidad de respuesta, Fiabilidad, Seguridad y Empatía del cual se puede extraer que en general ninguno de los encuestados se encuentra totalmente satisfecho con el servicio que recibe por parte de su compañía de telefonía móvil. Finalmente se pasa a la etapa del benchmarking donde se realiza un análisis de reclamos en el período 2011-2012 y un análisis por compañía según las ofertas que entregan. De esta parte del estudio que es la final se concluye que: Entel es la compañía que entrega un servicio que combina precio-calidad de forma óptima y es elegida tanto por los encuestados como también por estudios realizados por Subtel como la que mantiene sobre el 80% de clientes satisfechos. Virgin Mobile va en rápido ascenso captando clientes y entregando un servicio de buena calidad independiente de que opere con las antenas de Movistar; tiene bien claro qué hacer y cómo hacerlo. Claro es el más beneficiado con la portabilidad ya que ha captado la mayor cantidad de clientes pero no entrega un buen servicio, de hecho es deficiente y de mala calidad. Movistar perdió su prestigio por el mal servicio que entrega a sus clientes en todos sus ámbitos. Nextel y VTR deben potenciar más su propuesta, mostrar una estrategia más sólida. Finalmente se plantean recomendaciones y sugerencias para cada una de las compañías de telefonía móvil, con el fin de mantener o captar nuevos clientes entregándoles un servicio de buena calidad y que satisfaga sus necesidades.
Until the beginning of 2012, in Chile there were only three mobile companies with operating mobile phones networks : Movistar, Claro and Entel , plus a fourth virtual mobile operator (VMO) , GTD Movil , which provides a service in south of Chile between Bio-Bio and Aysen . This document shows the development of a research study that aims to show how the mobile industry has changed in Chile since the implementation of numerical portability and the entry of 3 new competitors to the industry : VTR Movil , Nextel, which have their own 3G networks plus a virtual mobile operator , and Virgin Mobile that operates with the Movistar’s platform but different data and minutes trade . The main goal of this study is to create a proposal that allows to measure the quality level among the mobile telephonic companies in Chile, regarding the needs of the current consumer in the new setting that introduces the market through the search of a total quality of their services. In order to acomplish the above, there’s a variety of research activities and information gathering that must be done such as detailed below. First stage of the study involves making an analysis of the industry which follow that to March of 2013 the amount of suscribers on the Chile’s Mobile Telephony was 24.106.000 with an insight of 137,6 per 100 citizen ; this gives an average of 1,38 telephonic lines per citizen. While in the first quarter of 2010 there were only 17.079.000 suscribers and the insight was 100,2; this shows the significance and continuous fast growing the industry has had these last years. On the other hand to September 2013 on a net basis (difference between the number of costumers that was gain and the number of lost costumers) , Movistar has been the company with more costumers loss with an increasing number of 188.135 , followed by Entel with 53.405 , and Claro being the most benefited with 164.508 new costumers , slowly followed by Virgin Mobile new companies with 52.454 , Nextel with 11.734 and VTR with 10.679 costumers. When performing an analysis on international numerical portability is known that to one year of its implementation, Chile is the country that has the largest number of exports in Latin America . This show that many of the costumers are not satisfied with what their telephonic mobile company is providing them . Now as the costumers can keep their number , they can try every company if they wish to. Numerical portability provokes that the company users become more demanding and be able to choose the company that suits their needs in a more complete way , which is why a data gathering must be done to identify the key elements and features rated by the costumers and the satisfaction and quality they get from the service; This has three phases : exploratory phase , where costumers and workers from different companies , then a pre-test is done where a first filter survey is applied to know what questions will finally be make. Trial Phase a survey is applied to 51 people, which gathers costumers opinions on the current setting of the industry and measures the amount of users that had switched companies, the amount of complains, etc. It was also requested to make a ranking, showing that costumers from all different companies prefer as a first option Entel. The uses of mobiles accord the following order to preference : Dial and Departure call use of social networks , browsing internet and in last place use the menssaging service (SMS and MMS) . On the other hand an 88% of the surveyed thinks that numerical portability increases the offer and improves the competition, a 57% thinks that there are more promotions available, and a 55 % thinks that rates decreases and the company switched process is quicker . Following the industry results is carried out Kano model’s development and a scheme of the Servqual model. Both of them quality models used to know the expectations, opinions and user perception. The Kano model results showed that for surveyers there’s no basics requirements, showing a change in perceptions compared to a while back before the social networks and mobile internet got massify. There are performance requirements which means that when correctly fulfilled , costumers will be satisfied and their gratification level will get better as the company improves its services. On this group can be found : Vitual branches access , uninterrupted call making , Executives and branches always available , a variety of planes and rates , good call signal and Good internet conection . On the other hand there’s the appealing requirements which creates an extra satisfaction for the costumer for being an unexpected service such as Benefit Clubs , Free WA App , to keep the unused minutes until the next month , zero cost plans. Here applies the perceptions and expectation of the Servqual model which measures 5 dimesions of quality : tangible , response capacity , reliability , empathy and safety , in what it concludes that non of the surveyers are completely satisfied with the service provide by their telephonic mobile company. Lastly it passes to the benchmarkin where a complaints analysis from 2011-1012 is make plus an analysis to each company according to their offers. From this final part of the study its conclude that Entel is a company that provides value and service and its most chosen among the surveyers and the studies made by Subtel as the company that keeps 80% of costumers completely satisfied. Virgin Mobile increases fast , getting more costumers and providing a good quality service , despite of be operating with Movistar’s antennas , this company knows how to do thing right. Claro gets more benefits with portability since it has more costumers but does not provide a good service, in fact is deficient and low quality. Movistar lost its prestige due to the bad service provided to its costumers in every area. Nextel and VTR must upgrade their proposal and show a more solid strategy. Lastly recommendations and suggestion are set for each one of the telephonic mobile companies, in order to keep or get new costumers providing them a good quality service that satisfy their needs.
Until the beginning of 2012, in Chile there were only three mobile companies with operating mobile phones networks : Movistar, Claro and Entel , plus a fourth virtual mobile operator (VMO) , GTD Movil , which provides a service in south of Chile between Bio-Bio and Aysen . This document shows the development of a research study that aims to show how the mobile industry has changed in Chile since the implementation of numerical portability and the entry of 3 new competitors to the industry : VTR Movil , Nextel, which have their own 3G networks plus a virtual mobile operator , and Virgin Mobile that operates with the Movistar’s platform but different data and minutes trade . The main goal of this study is to create a proposal that allows to measure the quality level among the mobile telephonic companies in Chile, regarding the needs of the current consumer in the new setting that introduces the market through the search of a total quality of their services. In order to acomplish the above, there’s a variety of research activities and information gathering that must be done such as detailed below. First stage of the study involves making an analysis of the industry which follow that to March of 2013 the amount of suscribers on the Chile’s Mobile Telephony was 24.106.000 with an insight of 137,6 per 100 citizen ; this gives an average of 1,38 telephonic lines per citizen. While in the first quarter of 2010 there were only 17.079.000 suscribers and the insight was 100,2; this shows the significance and continuous fast growing the industry has had these last years. On the other hand to September 2013 on a net basis (difference between the number of costumers that was gain and the number of lost costumers) , Movistar has been the company with more costumers loss with an increasing number of 188.135 , followed by Entel with 53.405 , and Claro being the most benefited with 164.508 new costumers , slowly followed by Virgin Mobile new companies with 52.454 , Nextel with 11.734 and VTR with 10.679 costumers. When performing an analysis on international numerical portability is known that to one year of its implementation, Chile is the country that has the largest number of exports in Latin America . This show that many of the costumers are not satisfied with what their telephonic mobile company is providing them . Now as the costumers can keep their number , they can try every company if they wish to. Numerical portability provokes that the company users become more demanding and be able to choose the company that suits their needs in a more complete way , which is why a data gathering must be done to identify the key elements and features rated by the costumers and the satisfaction and quality they get from the service; This has three phases : exploratory phase , where costumers and workers from different companies , then a pre-test is done where a first filter survey is applied to know what questions will finally be make. Trial Phase a survey is applied to 51 people, which gathers costumers opinions on the current setting of the industry and measures the amount of users that had switched companies, the amount of complains, etc. It was also requested to make a ranking, showing that costumers from all different companies prefer as a first option Entel. The uses of mobiles accord the following order to preference : Dial and Departure call use of social networks , browsing internet and in last place use the menssaging service (SMS and MMS) . On the other hand an 88% of the surveyed thinks that numerical portability increases the offer and improves the competition, a 57% thinks that there are more promotions available, and a 55 % thinks that rates decreases and the company switched process is quicker . Following the industry results is carried out Kano model’s development and a scheme of the Servqual model. Both of them quality models used to know the expectations, opinions and user perception. The Kano model results showed that for surveyers there’s no basics requirements, showing a change in perceptions compared to a while back before the social networks and mobile internet got massify. There are performance requirements which means that when correctly fulfilled , costumers will be satisfied and their gratification level will get better as the company improves its services. On this group can be found : Vitual branches access , uninterrupted call making , Executives and branches always available , a variety of planes and rates , good call signal and Good internet conection . On the other hand there’s the appealing requirements which creates an extra satisfaction for the costumer for being an unexpected service such as Benefit Clubs , Free WA App , to keep the unused minutes until the next month , zero cost plans. Here applies the perceptions and expectation of the Servqual model which measures 5 dimesions of quality : tangible , response capacity , reliability , empathy and safety , in what it concludes that non of the surveyers are completely satisfied with the service provide by their telephonic mobile company. Lastly it passes to the benchmarkin where a complaints analysis from 2011-1012 is make plus an analysis to each company according to their offers. From this final part of the study its conclude that Entel is a company that provides value and service and its most chosen among the surveyers and the studies made by Subtel as the company that keeps 80% of costumers completely satisfied. Virgin Mobile increases fast , getting more costumers and providing a good quality service , despite of be operating with Movistar’s antennas , this company knows how to do thing right. Claro gets more benefits with portability since it has more costumers but does not provide a good service, in fact is deficient and low quality. Movistar lost its prestige due to the bad service provided to its costumers in every area. Nextel and VTR must upgrade their proposal and show a more solid strategy. Lastly recommendations and suggestion are set for each one of the telephonic mobile companies, in order to keep or get new costumers providing them a good quality service that satisfy their needs.
Description
Keywords
Telefonía móvil, Calidad del servicio, Satisfacción del cliente, Análisis de mercado
