Thesis Análisis comparativo de los niveles de Derate de las flotas Airbus A-319 y A-320 permenecientes a Lan Airlines.
Loading...
Date
2009-03
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería en Aviación Comercial
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
En esta memoria se tiene el objetivo de estudiar la data de los despegues, entre enero de 2005 y julio de 2008, de las flotas Airbus A-319 y A-320 pertenecientes a la aerolínea LAN Airlines, para proponer formas de mejorar los niveles promedios de Derate de sus motores (Porcentajes de ahorro de empuje en el despegue de un avión), con la intención de optimizar los costos de mantenimiento de los mismos motores.
Al ser el Derate un concepto eminentemente relacionado con los motores de las aeronaves, se ha agregado en la memoria un capítulo de teoría que explica el funcionamiento elemental de un motor jet de aviación, las formas más conocidas de practicarle mantenimiento, los contratos que establecen las compañías fabricantes de los motores con las aerolíneas que los operan y las formas que tienen las compañías aéreas de optar a optimizar sus costos de mantenimiento por la vía de aumentar los niveles de Derate promedios de sus flotas de motores.
Para que las propuestas, que implican aumentar los niveles de Derate de las dos flotas antes mencionadas sean atractivas, es que se ha seleccionado, a través del estudio minucioso de la data proporcionada por LAN Airlines, los 10 aeropuertos –para cada flota– donde se ha desarrollado la mayor cantidad de despegues, con el fin de, a sabiendas que las operaciones realizadas en dichas 10 bases aeroportuarias son la gran mayoría, cumplir con los 2 objetivos específicos, que son, proponer intercambios en la utilización de las aeronaves, que se basen en la diferencia existente entre los porcentajes de Derate obtenidos en los aeropuertos y, estandarizar los niveles de Derate promedio de los 20 aeropuertos para mantener un control exhaustivo de estos porcentajes y evitar que la variabilidad entre un despegue y otro sea muy grande.
A lo largo de la memoria se ha demostrado que existen grandes diferencias entre los porcentajes de Derate promedio que las aeronaves logran en los diferentes aeropuertos seleccionados y que además los aeropuertos, por sus condiciones físicas relativas a su emplazamiento respecto al nivel del mar y sus longitudes de pitas debiesen permitir niveles promedio de Derate mayores a los que actualmente permiten, por lo tanto, ha sido posible llevar a cabo la reorganización de aeronaves y la estandarización de los porcentajes promedio de Derate en los aeropuertos.
La reorganización de aeronaves se propone como resultado de casos de estudio, que indican que grupos de aeronaves determinadas o simplemente aeronaves determinadas han despegado la mayoría de las veces desde aeropuertos que mantienen niveles promedios de Derate muy diferentes a los obtenidos por otros grupos de aeronaves o aeronaves que han despegado la mayoría de las veces desde aeropuertos diferentes.
La estandarización de los niveles promedios de Derate en los aeropuertos se propone básicamente por dos razones, primero, por la existencia de datos de porcentajes de Derate que distorsiona los promedios en cada base aeroportuaria, haciendo que disminuyan y, segundo, porque habiendo aeropuertos con características físicas muy similares las de otros, no mantienen los mismos promedios de Derate.
Habiendo cumplido con los 2 objetivos específicos, de reorganizar aeronaves y estandarizar los niveles promedios de Derate en los aeropuertos más importantes, se ha hecho una simulación de costos basada en las tablas tipo que utiliza IAE (International Aero Engines – compañía fabricante de motores de aviación) para que las aerolíneas como LAN Airlines, que mantiene contrato con IAE por el mantenimiento de sus motores modelo V2500, calculen los supuestos beneficios que obtendrían al aumentar los porcentajes promedios de Derate de sus flotas de motores.
Las simulaciones de costos han arrojado resultados óptimos, pues la compañía LAN Airlines obtendría disminuciones en el costo del mantenimiento de sus motores superiores a los US$9.000.000 por cada 15.000 horas que vuelen sus flotas de aeronaves Airbus A-319 y A-320, esto sin contabilizar los casos de reorganización de aeronaves que sean descubiertos en el futuro y el aumento en la estandarización de porcentajes de Derate de los diferentes aeropuertos. De esta forma queda demostrado que mejorar los niveles de Derate promedio de una flota determinada es una técnica que está disponible, que es válida y efectiva para disminuir los costos de mantenimiento de una aerolínea y permite además aumentar las rentabilidades de la misma.
The main thesis´s objective is improve the engines Derate's average levels (Percentages of saving thrust in takeoff phase) to optimize the engine maintenance cost, through the take off data analysis, between January, 2005 and July, 2008, on Airbus A-319 and A-320 LAN Airlines carrier fleets. A chapter of jet engine theory explains his basic operation principles, the associated actual and current maintenance work made by engines manufacturers and airlines that operate them and how airlines optimize their maintenance costs through increased the engine fleet Derate´s average levels. To increase the two proposal fleets Derate levels, I began a deep study of LAN Airlines operations data to define 20 airports – 10 for each considered fleet - where the most takeoffs has developed. The above analysis comply with two objectives, the first one is to propose exchanges aircraft utilization based on the existing difference between Derate percentage obtained in the airports and, the second one is standardize the 20 airports ( mentioned above) average Derate levels to avoid the high variability between takeoffs. Along the thesis has been demonstrated that there exist big differences between the percentages of average Derate that the aircraft achieve in the different selected airports and that in addition the airports, for the physical conditions relative to the emplacement with regard to the sea level and their runways lengths must allow average of Derate major whom nowadays they allow, therefore, it has been possible to carry out the reorganization of aircraft and the average standardization of the percentages of Derate in the airports. The proposed reorganization of aircraft as a result of case studies, indicate that certain groups of aircrafts or aircrafts have taken off most of the time from airports that maintain Derate average levels very different from those obtained by other groups of aircrafts or aircrafts have taken off most of the time from different airports. The standardization of Derate average levels in the airports is proposed basically for two reasons, first, the existence of Derate rate percentages that distorts the averages in each airport, doing that diminish and second , because exist airports with similar physical conditions and don´t maintain the same average Derate levels. After comply with the first two specific objectives, reorganizing aircraft and standardizing Derate's average levels in the most important airports, the analysis following with a costs simulation based on the standard tables that uses IAE (International Aero Engines - company manufacturer of aircraft engines) in order that the airlines as LAN Airlines, that have a contract with IAE to maintain engines model V2500, may calculate the supposed benefits that they would obtain increasing the average percentages of Derate of their engines fleets. The costs simulations have thrown optimal results, since the company LAN Airlines would save around US$ 9.000.000 in maintenance costs in his IAE engine fleets for each 15.000 flight hours (Airbus A-319 and A-320 aircraft fleets) this without assessing the cases of reorganization of aircraft discovered in the future and the increase in the standardization in Derate percentages from different airports. It is shown that improved Derate´s average levels of a given fleet is an available technique, valid and effective in reducing maintenance costs and increasing the airlines profitability.
The main thesis´s objective is improve the engines Derate's average levels (Percentages of saving thrust in takeoff phase) to optimize the engine maintenance cost, through the take off data analysis, between January, 2005 and July, 2008, on Airbus A-319 and A-320 LAN Airlines carrier fleets. A chapter of jet engine theory explains his basic operation principles, the associated actual and current maintenance work made by engines manufacturers and airlines that operate them and how airlines optimize their maintenance costs through increased the engine fleet Derate´s average levels. To increase the two proposal fleets Derate levels, I began a deep study of LAN Airlines operations data to define 20 airports – 10 for each considered fleet - where the most takeoffs has developed. The above analysis comply with two objectives, the first one is to propose exchanges aircraft utilization based on the existing difference between Derate percentage obtained in the airports and, the second one is standardize the 20 airports ( mentioned above) average Derate levels to avoid the high variability between takeoffs. Along the thesis has been demonstrated that there exist big differences between the percentages of average Derate that the aircraft achieve in the different selected airports and that in addition the airports, for the physical conditions relative to the emplacement with regard to the sea level and their runways lengths must allow average of Derate major whom nowadays they allow, therefore, it has been possible to carry out the reorganization of aircraft and the average standardization of the percentages of Derate in the airports. The proposed reorganization of aircraft as a result of case studies, indicate that certain groups of aircrafts or aircrafts have taken off most of the time from airports that maintain Derate average levels very different from those obtained by other groups of aircrafts or aircrafts have taken off most of the time from different airports. The standardization of Derate average levels in the airports is proposed basically for two reasons, first, the existence of Derate rate percentages that distorts the averages in each airport, doing that diminish and second , because exist airports with similar physical conditions and don´t maintain the same average Derate levels. After comply with the first two specific objectives, reorganizing aircraft and standardizing Derate's average levels in the most important airports, the analysis following with a costs simulation based on the standard tables that uses IAE (International Aero Engines - company manufacturer of aircraft engines) in order that the airlines as LAN Airlines, that have a contract with IAE to maintain engines model V2500, may calculate the supposed benefits that they would obtain increasing the average percentages of Derate of their engines fleets. The costs simulations have thrown optimal results, since the company LAN Airlines would save around US$ 9.000.000 in maintenance costs in his IAE engine fleets for each 15.000 flight hours (Airbus A-319 and A-320 aircraft fleets) this without assessing the cases of reorganization of aircraft discovered in the future and the increase in the standardization in Derate percentages from different airports. It is shown that improved Derate´s average levels of a given fleet is an available technique, valid and effective in reducing maintenance costs and increasing the airlines profitability.
Description
Keywords
Consumo de combustible, Costos de mantenimiento, Transporte aéreo, Operaciones aeronáuticas, Motores de aeronaves, Optimización de costos
