Thesis Propiedad Institucional, volatilidad y efectos de la política de dividendos: caso Chile.
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Ingeniería Civil Industrial
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Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Diversos estudios revelan la existencia de una relación entre la volatilidad del retorno y el nivel de propiedad institucional (Xu y Malkiel, 2003) y, más aún, que la dirección de dicha relación puede variar según la política de dividendos que adopten las empresas (si la empresa paga o no dividendos) (Rubin y Smith, 2009; Azzam, 2010). Otros, además, evidencian el vínculo existente entre el pago de dividendos de la firma y la propiedad institucional (Rozeff 1982; Jensen 1992; Eckbo y Verma 1994; Moh’d et al. 1995; Short et al. 2002; Mallorqui et al. 2008; Ruiz et al. 2008; Azzam 2010, entre otros). La contribución de este estudio radica en la inclusión del caso chileno dentro de la literatura, ampliando la visión en lo referente a países emergentes, los cuales no han tenido mayor presencia en la mayoría de los estudios y presentan diferencias importantes respecto a las economías desarrolladas. Además, se considera que el contexto chileno presenta otros aspectos de interés: la importancia de las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP), consideradas como participantes importantes y bien desarrollados dentro de la economía chilena (Lefort y Walker, 2002; Filchelstein, 2012 y Gutierrez et al., 2012), lo cual resulta ser un aspecto diferenciador dentro del grupo de mercados de capitales de países en desarrollo, y el marco legal que envuelve a las empresas (en particular a las sociedades anónimas abiertas). Lo anterior incita a dar un enfoque adecuado a la investigación que logre incorporar estos aspectos en el estudio. En concreto, la presente tesis detalla el estudio de la relación existente entre la volatilidad del retorno, la política de dividendos y el nivel de propiedad de las AFP para el contexto chileno, para una muestra de 150 acciones de sociedades anónimas abiertas activas en el periodo comprendido entre el 2003 y el 2012, ambos años incluidos. Los resultados obtenidos no logran evidenciar estadísticamente la relación entre la propiedad institucional de las AFP y la volatilidad del retorno; sin embargo, se encuentra una relación positiva y significativa para el grupo de empresas que presentan un rendimiento del dividendo positivo. Por otro lado, los resultados muestran una relación positiva lineal y no lineal negativa entre la política de dividendos (representado como el rendimiento de los dividendos o dividend yield) y el nivel de propiedad institucional de estos inversores. También existe presencia de sesgo de selección en esta relación, revelando que las AFP escogen empresas con mayores niveles de pago de dividendos al momento de invertir, y su posterior propiedad incide positivamente en el rendimiento del dividendo; esto representa un incentivo para las empresas para autoseleccionarse para pertenecer a grupos de pagos altos de dividendos. Por último, se respalda la idea de que la política de dividendos presenta una relativa rigidez, lo que implica una relación dinámica de esta misma. Estos resultados, en general, se ven respaldados por teorías asociadas a ideas de señalización, las cuales apuntan a que los mayores pagos de dividendos son recibidos como una señal positiva por los inversores, con la hipótesis de preferencia institucional, lo que implicaría que las AFP se comportan como un inversor prudente, con la hipótesis de pastoreo institucional y con el fuerte control que ejercen estos inversores sobre las firmas.
Several studies reveal the existence of a relationship between the volatility of return and institutional ownership level (Xu and Malkiel, 2003) and, moreover, that the direction of this relationship may vary with the dividend policy adopted by the firms (if the firm pays dividend or not) (Rubin and Smith, 2009; Azzam, 2010). Others also show the link between dividend paying of the firm and the institutional ownership (e.g. Rozeff 1982; Jensen 1992; Eckbo and Verma 1994; Moh’d et al. 1995; Short et al. 2002; Mallorqui et al. 2008; Ruiz et al. 2008; Azzam 2010). The contribution of this study lies in the inclusion of the Chilean case in the literature, extending the vision regarding to emerging markets, which have had little presence in most of the studies and present important differences with respect to developed economies. Furthermore, it is considered that the Chilean context has other interesting aspects: the relevance of the Pension Funds Administrators (PFA), considered to be important stakeholders and well developed within the Chilean economy (Lefort and Walker, 2002; Filchelstein, 2012 and Gutierrez et al., 2012), which turns out to be a differentiator aspect among the group of capital markets of developing countries, and the legal framework that surrounds companies (particularly to the open anonymous societies). This encourages focusing the research so that it accomplishes the incorporation of this aspects in the study. In particular, this thesis details the study of the relationship between return’s volatility, dividend policy and level of property of the PFA for the Chilean context, for a sample of 150 stocks of active open anonymous societies in the period between 2003 and 2012, both years included. The results obtained do not statistically show the relationship between PFA institutional ownership and the volatility; however, a significant and positive relationship is found for the group of firms that shows a positive dividend yield. In the other hand, the results show a positive linear relationship and non negative linear between the level of institutional ownership of this investors and the dividend policy (represented as the dividend yield). Also, there is selection bias in this relationship, revealing that the PFA choose companies with higher dividend payment levels at the moment of decide to invest, and its subsequent ownership positively affects the dividend yield; this represents an incentive for companies to self-select to belong to groups of high dividend payments. Finally, the idea that dividend policy has a relative rigidity is supported, which implies a dynamic relationship of this. These results generally are supported by theories associated ideas signaling, which suggests that the higher dividend payments are received as a positive sign by investors, with the hypothesis of institutional preference, implying that PFMs behave as a prudent investor, with the hypothesis of institutional herding and the strong control that these investors exerts over the firms.
Several studies reveal the existence of a relationship between the volatility of return and institutional ownership level (Xu and Malkiel, 2003) and, moreover, that the direction of this relationship may vary with the dividend policy adopted by the firms (if the firm pays dividend or not) (Rubin and Smith, 2009; Azzam, 2010). Others also show the link between dividend paying of the firm and the institutional ownership (e.g. Rozeff 1982; Jensen 1992; Eckbo and Verma 1994; Moh’d et al. 1995; Short et al. 2002; Mallorqui et al. 2008; Ruiz et al. 2008; Azzam 2010). The contribution of this study lies in the inclusion of the Chilean case in the literature, extending the vision regarding to emerging markets, which have had little presence in most of the studies and present important differences with respect to developed economies. Furthermore, it is considered that the Chilean context has other interesting aspects: the relevance of the Pension Funds Administrators (PFA), considered to be important stakeholders and well developed within the Chilean economy (Lefort and Walker, 2002; Filchelstein, 2012 and Gutierrez et al., 2012), which turns out to be a differentiator aspect among the group of capital markets of developing countries, and the legal framework that surrounds companies (particularly to the open anonymous societies). This encourages focusing the research so that it accomplishes the incorporation of this aspects in the study. In particular, this thesis details the study of the relationship between return’s volatility, dividend policy and level of property of the PFA for the Chilean context, for a sample of 150 stocks of active open anonymous societies in the period between 2003 and 2012, both years included. The results obtained do not statistically show the relationship between PFA institutional ownership and the volatility; however, a significant and positive relationship is found for the group of firms that shows a positive dividend yield. In the other hand, the results show a positive linear relationship and non negative linear between the level of institutional ownership of this investors and the dividend policy (represented as the dividend yield). Also, there is selection bias in this relationship, revealing that the PFA choose companies with higher dividend payment levels at the moment of decide to invest, and its subsequent ownership positively affects the dividend yield; this represents an incentive for companies to self-select to belong to groups of high dividend payments. Finally, the idea that dividend policy has a relative rigidity is supported, which implies a dynamic relationship of this. These results generally are supported by theories associated ideas signaling, which suggests that the higher dividend payments are received as a positive sign by investors, with the hypothesis of institutional preference, implying that PFMs behave as a prudent investor, with the hypothesis of institutional herding and the strong control that these investors exerts over the firms.
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Keywords
Administradora de Fondos de pensiones, Política de dividendos, Mercado de valores, Finanzas corporativas
