Thesis Desarrollo de un sistema de indicadores para la calidad de servicios, caso aplicado al Aeropuerto Arturo Merino Benítez.
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Date
2007
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingenieria en Aviación Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio base para el desarrollo de un Sistema de Indicadores para la Gestión de Calidad de los Servicios Aeronáuticos y No Aeronáuticos del Aeropuerto Arturo Merino Benítez de Santiago (AMB), utilizando para ello estándares e indicadores de calidad enfocados a la satisfacción del pasajero y usuario que transita por dicho lugar.
El objetivo general que se establece es poder solucionar estos problemas al realizar un estudio base para el desarrollo de un Sistema de Indicadores, aplicables a los Servicios Aeronáuticos y No Aeronáuticos del Aeropuerto Arturo Merino Benítez de Santiago. Para lograr este objetivo general se indican los siguientes objetivos específicos: realizar un levantamiento de la Situación Actual del Aeropuerto Arturo Merino Benítez de Santiago, en relación a estadísticas de pasajeros, equipamiento, instalaciones y operación del mismo; generar indicadores de calidad para los Servicios Aeronáuticos y No Aeronáuticos del Aeropuerto; y proponer recomendaciones para la gestión que se realice una vez iniciado el proceso de implementación de los indicadores generados. Cabe señalar que estos indicadores serán la base para la gestión del mejoramiento que se realice a los servicios del aeropuerto, por ende es posible que en la etapa de implementación estos indicadores sean modificados o mutados en uno o más indicadores con el fin de ajustar la medición lo más precisa posible.
Con el fin de cumplir los objetivos previamente mencionados, se debe, primero que todo, saber qué herramientas utilizar. Para ello se opta por utilizar criterios, indicadores y estándares de calidad, debido a que, primero, se necesita fijar una condición que debe cumplir una actividad, procesos o servicio para ser considerada de calidad, segundo, se debe establecer una medida cuantitativa que puede usarse como guía para controlar y valorar la calidad de las diferentes actividades, y tercero, determinar los grados o rangos aceptables para un nivel de calidad.
La metodología empleada en este estudio es la modelación de los procesos de embarque y desembarque internacional de pasajeros, en donde se analizan los servicios involucrados en cada una de las actividades o procedimientos del proceso. Para cada uno de los servicios se establecen parámetros para la generación de indicadores, y luego los rangos entre los cuales se considera aceptable el nivel de calidad del servicio involucrado. Estos parámetros fueron definidos basándose principalmente en el Manual de Operaciones del Reglamento de Servicio de la Obra (RSO), además de documentos emitidos por la Dirección de Aeropuertos, Manual de Referencia de Desarrollo de Aeropuertos de la IATA y las Bases de Licitación. También son tomadas en cuenta las Normativas Vigentes para los servicios específicos.
Lo indicadores generados son 9 para los servicios involucrados en los procesos de embarque y desembarque internacional de pasajeros y 4 para los servicios transversales a estos procesos. Cabe señalar que estos indicadores pueden sufrir modificaciones debido a las decisiones que se tomen durante el período de implementación de los mismos, tal como se mencionó anteriormente.
Como conclusiones al desarrollo del tema se tiene que el principal problema de la correcta operación del Aeropuerto Arturo Merino Benítez de Santiago es que no existen estándares establecidos que sean directrices para los organismos que operan en el aeropuerto. Debido a esto, cada organismo funciona como un elemento aislado a toda la operación, dejando de lado la satisfacción del pasajero o entregando niveles de calidad por debajo de lo que se busca.
Por otra parte, podría existir una correlación importante entre los indicadores establecidos. Esta posible correlación existiría si no se gestionan de manera adecuada los servicios transversales a los procesos de embarque y desembarque de pasajeros, podría existir una repercusión en la entrega de los servicios que se ven involucrados en los procesos antes descritos, y por ende no se estaría dentro de los estándares que se establecen para cada indicador. Por ejemplo, si no se mantienen los estándares de luminosidad dentro del terminal aéreo, es posible que se demore el proceso de check-in, ya que no se está cumpliendo con la normativa de luminosidad correspondiente.
Como recomendaciones, se propone una serie de etapas para la implementación del sistema de indicadores, que van desde realizar una toma de datos de los indicadores, un análisis de éstos, y finalmente, la gestión de los servicios correspondientes. Dentro del análisis de datos, se propone realizar un Control Estadístico para así eliminar las causas aleatorias de variación.
Por último, se establece un costo de implementación del sistema de indicadores, por concepto de recursos humanos, de 645,6 UF, para un período de 11 meses.
In the present research a base study is done for the development of a System of Indicators for the Quality Management of the Aeronautical and Non Aeronautical Services of the Arturo Merino Benítez Airport (AMB). For this purpose, standards and quality indicators focused on the satisfaction of the passenger and user who goes along the above mentioned place are used. In order to get these indicators, it is necessary to investigate the current situation of the airport concerning passengers’ statistics, equipment, facilities and AMB operation. With this, it can be concluded that there are many problems and weaknesses in the passengers' departures and arrivals process, for which it is necessary to establish parameters to control the quality levels of the services that are offered at the airport, since the quality perceived by the passengers is the main parameter to identify, to intervene and to improve the execution. One of these biggest problems or deficiencies is that the standards that work as the guideline of every organism that operate at the airport have not been established. The general objective it to solve these problems is to carry on a base study for the development of a System of Indicators for the Quality Management of the Aeronautical and Non Aeronautical Services of the Arturo Merino Benítez Airport. To achieve this general objective the following specific objectives are indicated: to investigate the current situation of the Arturo Merino Benítez Airport of Santiago concerning passengers’ statistics, equipment, facilities and operation of it; to generate quality indicators for the Aeronautical and Non Aeronautical Services of the Airport; and to propose further suggestions for the management that should be done as soon as the process of implementation of the generated indicators begins. It is necessary to point out that these indicators will be the base for the management of the improvement of the quality of the airport services. It is possible that in this stage of implementation these indicators could be modified or changed in one or more indicators in order to provide an accurate measurement. To achieve the goals previously mentioned, first we have to decide what tools to use. For this criteria, indicators, and quality standards are used, because, it is necessary to set a condition that must fulfill an activity, process or service to be considered of quality. Second, it is necessary to establish a quantitative measurement that can be used as guides to control and to value the quality of different activities, and third, to determine the degrees of acceptable status for a quality level. The methodology used in this study is the modelling of the passengers' departures and arrivals process, where the services involved in each of the activities or procedures of the process are analyzed. For each of the services parameters are established for the generation of indicators, and then the ranges they must fluctuate to be considered an acceptable quality level of the service involved. These parameters were defined based primarily on the Manual of Operations of the Regulation of Service of the Work (RSO) and all the documents issued by the Direction of Airports, Manual of Reference of Development of Airports of the IATA and the Basis of Tender. Also, all the Current Regulations are taken into account for the specific services. The generated indicators are 9 for the services involved in the processes of international departures and arrivals of passengers and 4 for the transverse services for these processes. It is necessary to point out that these indicators can be modified due to the decisions taken during the period of implementation of them, as it was mentioned previously. As a conclusion to the development of this research, the main problem of the efficient operation of the Arturo Merino Benítez Airport of Santiago is that there are not any standards that set the guidelines for the organisms that operate at the airport. Therefore, every organism works as an isolated element of the whole operation, not considering the satisfaction of the passenger or the quality levels that is required. It is also important to mention that an important interrelation might exist between the established indicators. If the transverse services are not managed in a suitable way in the processes of departures and arrivals of passengers, an after-effect might exist in the delivery of the services. For example, if the standards of luminosity are not supported inside the air terminal, the check-in process might be delayed, since the regulation of corresponding luminosity was not fulfilled. As recommendations, a series of stages is proposed for the indicators system implementation, which goes from to carry out an indicators information capture, an analysis of these, and finally, the corresponding services management. In reference to the information analysis it proposes to realize a Statistical Control, this way to eliminate the change random causes. Finally, an indicator system implementation cost, for concept of human resources, of 645.6 UF, for a period of 11 months, is established.
In the present research a base study is done for the development of a System of Indicators for the Quality Management of the Aeronautical and Non Aeronautical Services of the Arturo Merino Benítez Airport (AMB). For this purpose, standards and quality indicators focused on the satisfaction of the passenger and user who goes along the above mentioned place are used. In order to get these indicators, it is necessary to investigate the current situation of the airport concerning passengers’ statistics, equipment, facilities and AMB operation. With this, it can be concluded that there are many problems and weaknesses in the passengers' departures and arrivals process, for which it is necessary to establish parameters to control the quality levels of the services that are offered at the airport, since the quality perceived by the passengers is the main parameter to identify, to intervene and to improve the execution. One of these biggest problems or deficiencies is that the standards that work as the guideline of every organism that operate at the airport have not been established. The general objective it to solve these problems is to carry on a base study for the development of a System of Indicators for the Quality Management of the Aeronautical and Non Aeronautical Services of the Arturo Merino Benítez Airport. To achieve this general objective the following specific objectives are indicated: to investigate the current situation of the Arturo Merino Benítez Airport of Santiago concerning passengers’ statistics, equipment, facilities and operation of it; to generate quality indicators for the Aeronautical and Non Aeronautical Services of the Airport; and to propose further suggestions for the management that should be done as soon as the process of implementation of the generated indicators begins. It is necessary to point out that these indicators will be the base for the management of the improvement of the quality of the airport services. It is possible that in this stage of implementation these indicators could be modified or changed in one or more indicators in order to provide an accurate measurement. To achieve the goals previously mentioned, first we have to decide what tools to use. For this criteria, indicators, and quality standards are used, because, it is necessary to set a condition that must fulfill an activity, process or service to be considered of quality. Second, it is necessary to establish a quantitative measurement that can be used as guides to control and to value the quality of different activities, and third, to determine the degrees of acceptable status for a quality level. The methodology used in this study is the modelling of the passengers' departures and arrivals process, where the services involved in each of the activities or procedures of the process are analyzed. For each of the services parameters are established for the generation of indicators, and then the ranges they must fluctuate to be considered an acceptable quality level of the service involved. These parameters were defined based primarily on the Manual of Operations of the Regulation of Service of the Work (RSO) and all the documents issued by the Direction of Airports, Manual of Reference of Development of Airports of the IATA and the Basis of Tender. Also, all the Current Regulations are taken into account for the specific services. The generated indicators are 9 for the services involved in the processes of international departures and arrivals of passengers and 4 for the transverse services for these processes. It is necessary to point out that these indicators can be modified due to the decisions taken during the period of implementation of them, as it was mentioned previously. As a conclusion to the development of this research, the main problem of the efficient operation of the Arturo Merino Benítez Airport of Santiago is that there are not any standards that set the guidelines for the organisms that operate at the airport. Therefore, every organism works as an isolated element of the whole operation, not considering the satisfaction of the passenger or the quality levels that is required. It is also important to mention that an important interrelation might exist between the established indicators. If the transverse services are not managed in a suitable way in the processes of departures and arrivals of passengers, an after-effect might exist in the delivery of the services. For example, if the standards of luminosity are not supported inside the air terminal, the check-in process might be delayed, since the regulation of corresponding luminosity was not fulfilled. As recommendations, a series of stages is proposed for the indicators system implementation, which goes from to carry out an indicators information capture, an analysis of these, and finally, the corresponding services management. In reference to the information analysis it proposes to realize a Statistical Control, this way to eliminate the change random causes. Finally, an indicator system implementation cost, for concept of human resources, of 645.6 UF, for a period of 11 months, is established.
Description
Keywords
Indicadores de gestión, Aeropuertos, Evaluación de desempeño, Mejoramiento continuo
