Thesis Influencia de la política pública en la instalación de capacidad de generación eólica.
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Date
2010-12
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
La utilización de políticas públicas en la matriz energética de diversos países, ha permitido la maduración y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de generación eléctrica mediante la eliminación de las desventajas asociadas a los costos de generación, y permitiendo a las entidades con capacidad de inversión enfrentarse a una condición de indiferencia entre tecnologías. Esta indiferencia es generada mediante la nivelación de los costos como resultado de la implementación de políticas, tales como tarifas de conexión, instrumentos regulatorios y subsidios para la inversión en energías renovables.
La maduración de las nuevas tecnologías de generación, gracias al apoyo legislativo en los países pioneros en la materia, ha permitido disminuir en gran nivel la diferencia de costos con respecto a fuentes de energía convencionales, especialmente en el caso de la energía por combustión de biomasa renovable y la energía eólica.
La disminución de los costos de generación ha permitido el establecimiento de un mercado energético con mayor sustentabilidad y acorde con las actuales expectativas para evitar el cambio climático y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero; así como el desarrollo de la industria local asociada a la manufactura de turbinas en el caso de la energía eólica.
La evidencia internacional, muestra que efectivamente el uso de las políticas energéticas adecuadas permite incentivar el desarrollo y maduración del mercado de energías renovables, es por ello que el analizar las políticas energéticas aplicadas en los países pioneros en la materia, permite identificar los elementos más importantes a implementar en el marco regulatorio de un país con recursos renovables, para así incentivar el desarrollo de dichos mercados.
Existen varios países que han desarrollado el mercado eólico, tales como Estados Unidos, Alemania, China, España, entre otros, siendo el crecimiento promedio de la capacidad instalada de generación eólica que poseen dichos países en torno al 23% anual.
En Chile la alta dependencia internacional debido a la importación de combustibles para la generación eléctrica del 62,55% del país, evidencia la baja auto sustentabilidad y la necesidad de aplicar políticas que permitan el desarrollo de tecnologías renovables en el país.
Debido a que Chile posee un gran recurso eólico en diversas zonas de su geografía, el cual se estima asciende a 40.000 MW, y además la tecnología de generación eólica posee uno de los costos más competitivos dentro de las energías renovables, esta investigación se enfoca en el análisis de la significancia que poseen los diversos tipos de políticas energéticas para el desarrollo del mercado eólico, mediante el desarrollo de un modelo estadístico de las políticas en los países líderes en la materia y la capacidad de generación instalada en cada uno de ellos.
The use of public policies in the energy matrix of various countries, has allowed the maturation and development of new power generation technologies by eliminating the disadvantages associated with the generation costs, and enabling investment entities to face indifference between technologies. This indifference is generated by equalizing the costs as a result of the implementation of policies, such as feed-in tariffs, regulatory instruments and subsidies for renewable energy investment. The maturation of the new generation technologies, thanks to legislative support from pioneering countries, has reduced greatly the cost difference in comparison to conventional energy sources, especially in the case of renewable biomass and wind energy. The decline in generation costs has allowed the establishment of a more sustainable energy market and in line with current expectations to prevent climate change and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, as well as the development of local industry associated with manufacturing turbines for wind energy. International evidence shows that the use of an appropriate energy policy can encourage the development and maturation of the renewable energy market, that's why the analysis of energy policies in the pioneering countries is needed to identify the most important elements to implement a regulatory framework in countries with renewable resources, thereby encouraging the development of these markets. Several countries has been developed the wind energy market such as USA, Germany, China and Spain, among others, with an average of 23% annually growth of the installed capacity of wind generation. In Chile, 62,55% of the electricity generated come from imported fuels, this show the low selfsustainability and the need to implement policies that enable the development of renewable technologies in the country. Since Chile has a large wind resource in different areas of its geography, which is estimated at 40,000 MW, plus wind generation technology has one of the most competitive costs in renewable energies, this research focuses on the analysis of the significance that have various types of energy policies for the development of wind energy market by developing a statistical model of policies in the leading countries and installed generation capacity in each of them.
The use of public policies in the energy matrix of various countries, has allowed the maturation and development of new power generation technologies by eliminating the disadvantages associated with the generation costs, and enabling investment entities to face indifference between technologies. This indifference is generated by equalizing the costs as a result of the implementation of policies, such as feed-in tariffs, regulatory instruments and subsidies for renewable energy investment. The maturation of the new generation technologies, thanks to legislative support from pioneering countries, has reduced greatly the cost difference in comparison to conventional energy sources, especially in the case of renewable biomass and wind energy. The decline in generation costs has allowed the establishment of a more sustainable energy market and in line with current expectations to prevent climate change and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, as well as the development of local industry associated with manufacturing turbines for wind energy. International evidence shows that the use of an appropriate energy policy can encourage the development and maturation of the renewable energy market, that's why the analysis of energy policies in the pioneering countries is needed to identify the most important elements to implement a regulatory framework in countries with renewable resources, thereby encouraging the development of these markets. Several countries has been developed the wind energy market such as USA, Germany, China and Spain, among others, with an average of 23% annually growth of the installed capacity of wind generation. In Chile, 62,55% of the electricity generated come from imported fuels, this show the low selfsustainability and the need to implement policies that enable the development of renewable technologies in the country. Since Chile has a large wind resource in different areas of its geography, which is estimated at 40,000 MW, plus wind generation technology has one of the most competitive costs in renewable energies, this research focuses on the analysis of the significance that have various types of energy policies for the development of wind energy market by developing a statistical model of policies in the leading countries and installed generation capacity in each of them.
Description
Keywords
Energía eólica, Energías renovables, Políticas públicas
