Thesis EFECTOS DEL CAMBIO DE GEOMETRIA EN LOS TUBOS DE UN RECIBIDOR SOLAR OPERADO CON SODIO LIQUIDO EN PLANTAS DE CONCENTRACION SOLAR DE POTENCIA
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Date
2019-12
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. MAGÍSTER EN CIENCIAS DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
Campus
Campus San Joaquín, Santiago
Abstract
Una de las fallas de mayor importancia en los recibidores solares es comúnmente originada por los
esfuerzos térmicos causados por la no uniformidad del flujo solar y el comportamiento transiente del
clima. El uso de sodio liquido como fluido de transferencia de calor permite alcanzar mayores
temperaturas que alimenten sistemas de potencia más eficientes, sin embargo, esto produce un
aumento en los esfuerzos térmicos poniendo en riesgo la seguridad de las instalaciones.
El cambio de geometría es una alternativa para mejorar el comportamiento termo mecánico de los
tubos del recibidor. Debido a que la disposición de ductos cuadrados y rectangulares posibilitan
captar y transferir la radiación incidente de forma mas amplia que los tubos convencionales, además
estas geometrías presentan esquinas agudas las cuales generan la aparición de flujos secundarios
que cambian la transferencia de calor localmente de las esquinas afectando el comportamiento del
flujo promedio.
Para comparar las características térmo hidráulicas se fijan parámetros como el número de Reynolds,
la caída de presión, el coeficiente de transferencia de calor interna y el flujo masico. Con estos se
prueban 6 equivalencias entre los tubos y ductos, resaltando los efectos en el esfuerzo equivalente
de considerar los flujos secundarios, presión interna, radio de curvatura en las esquinas, espesor de
las paredes y proyección de radiación incidente.
Los resultados muestran que, en condiciones reales de operación, para todas las equivalencias y las
relaciones de aspecto el esfuerzo aumenta en comparación con un tubo convencional, sin embargo,
al incorporar los efectos de redondear las esquinas de los ductos, la dispersión de radiación por la
forma de distribución gaussiana, los efectos en la transferencia de calor por flotabilidad y la presión
interna de todas formas el cambio de geometría es una opción viable
Estos resultados implican que para evaluar el uso de otras geometrías es necesario considerar todos
los factores que pueden incidir en la eficiencia global del recibidor como también en los LCOE.
One of the most important failures in solar receivers is commonly caused by thermal stresses caused by non-uniformity of solar flux and transient climate behavior. The use of liquid sodium as a heat transfer fluid makes it possible to reach higher temperatures that feed more efficient power systems, however, this produces an increase in thermal stresses, jeopardizing the safety of the facilities. The change of geometry is an alternative to improve the thermo-mechanical behavior of the receiver tubes. Because the arrangement of square and rectangular ducts makes it possible to capture and transfer the incident radiation more widely than conventional tubes, these geometries also have sharp corners which generate the appearance of secondary flows that change the heat transfer locally from the corners affecting the behavior of the average flow. To compare the hydraulic thermal characteristics, parameters such as Reynolds number, pressure drop, internal heat transfer coefficient and mass flow are set. With these, 6 equivalences between the pipes and ducts are tested, highlighting the effects on the equivalent effort of considering secondary flows, internal pressure, radius of curvature at the corners, wall thickness and projection of incident radiation. The results show that, under real operating conditions, for all equivalences and aspect ratios the effort increases compared to a conventional tube, however, by incorporating the effects of rounding the corners of the ducts, the radiation dispersion by the Gaussian distribution form, the effects on buoyancy heat transfer and internal pressure anyway changing geometry is a viable option These results imply that in order to evaluate the use of other geometries it is necessary to consider all the factors that can influence the overall efficiency of the receiver as well as the LCOE.
One of the most important failures in solar receivers is commonly caused by thermal stresses caused by non-uniformity of solar flux and transient climate behavior. The use of liquid sodium as a heat transfer fluid makes it possible to reach higher temperatures that feed more efficient power systems, however, this produces an increase in thermal stresses, jeopardizing the safety of the facilities. The change of geometry is an alternative to improve the thermo-mechanical behavior of the receiver tubes. Because the arrangement of square and rectangular ducts makes it possible to capture and transfer the incident radiation more widely than conventional tubes, these geometries also have sharp corners which generate the appearance of secondary flows that change the heat transfer locally from the corners affecting the behavior of the average flow. To compare the hydraulic thermal characteristics, parameters such as Reynolds number, pressure drop, internal heat transfer coefficient and mass flow are set. With these, 6 equivalences between the pipes and ducts are tested, highlighting the effects on the equivalent effort of considering secondary flows, internal pressure, radius of curvature at the corners, wall thickness and projection of incident radiation. The results show that, under real operating conditions, for all equivalences and aspect ratios the effort increases compared to a conventional tube, however, by incorporating the effects of rounding the corners of the ducts, the radiation dispersion by the Gaussian distribution form, the effects on buoyancy heat transfer and internal pressure anyway changing geometry is a viable option These results imply that in order to evaluate the use of other geometries it is necessary to consider all the factors that can influence the overall efficiency of the receiver as well as the LCOE.
Description
Keywords
CSP, SODIO LÍQUIDO, ESFUERZOS TÉRMICOS, FLUJOS SECUNDARIOS