Thesis ANÁLISIS DE LA RESPUESTA DEL EDIFICIO “TOLEDO” DE VIÑA DEL MAR DURANTE EL TERREMOTO DE CHILE 2010
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Date
2016
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Durante el terremoto de Chile 2010, el edificio “Toledo”, estructura de hormigon armado de 10 pisos mas un subterraneo ubicada en Viña del Mar, sufrio importantes da˜nos concentrados principalmente en el primer piso, los que obligaron a la demolicion de la estructura. Sin embargo, estudios preliminares muestran que el edificio no presenta evidentes fallas de diseño que expliquen este comportamiento.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar las causas mas Probables de las fallas ocurridas en el edificio durante el sismo, ası como los principales factores que habrıan influido en el fenomeno observado, utilizando diferentes tecnicas de analisis, tanto lineal como no-lineal, bas´andose en la informacion recopilada en terreno de los da˜nos junto con los planos de detalle de la estructura.
En una primera instancia se estudio la posibilidad de obtener informacion clave de los inicios del comportamiento no-lineal de la estructura a partir de los resultados de analisis lineales elasticos. En primer lugar se examino la respuesta del edificio mediante el analisis modal espectral reducido que se utiliza comunmente en el calculo sismorresistente de estructuras. En segundo termino se realizo un analisis tiempo-historia de la respuesta del edificio sometido a uno de los registro del sismo. En estos casos se estudio la influencia de parametros como la direccionalidad del sismo, componente vertical, etc. Estos resultados permitieron proponer un enfoque que brinda informacion sobre las primeras incursiones inelasticas de la estructura.
En tercer termino se propuso un metodo para determinar la respuesta no-lineal de estructuras de muros de hormigon armado mediante el uso de un software comercial usado comunmente por la comunidad de ingenieros estructurales. Para esto se implemento un modelo de fibras capaz de representar el comportamiento inelastico de zonas especıficas de los muros, considerando las caracterısticas de los materiales utilizados, ası como aquellas del comportamiento histeretico de estos elementos. El modelo propuesto fue validado utilizando datos experimentales disponibles en la literatura, tanto de muros de
seccion compuesta como de seccion rectangular, estos ultimos sometidos a diferentes niveles de carga axial. Este metodo logro modelar ciertos acontecimientos observados en terreno como el reducido comportamiento no-lineal de algunos elementos ası como la importante incursion inelastica de otros.
Junto con esto el modelo no-lineal ayudo a determinar la validez del an´alisis lineal desde diferentes puntos de vista. Por ultimo, se estudio la poca capacidad que posee la modelacion de un eje aislado en comparacion con la respuesta obtenida del modelo de la estructura completa.
During the Chile 2010 earthquake the “Toledo” building, a 10 story plus underground level concrete structure in Vi˜na del Mar, suffered important damages concentrated mainly in the first floor, leading to the demolition of this. However previous studies show that the building did not have noticeable design faults that could explain this bad behavior. The objective of this work was to detect the most probable causes of the fails that occurred in the building during the seism, and the main factors that influence the observed phenomenon, using different, linear and nonlinear, analysis techniques based on the information collected in the field of the damages and structural detail plans. Preliminarily, the possibility of obtaining key information regarding the beginning of the nonlinear behavior from a linear analysis was studied. First, the building response calculated with the reduced modal spectral analysis, commonly used in the earthquake resistant design, was analyzed. Secondly, a time-history analysis of the building under a seismic record was conducted in order to study the effect of inclusion of the different components of the earthquake. Results from this model were useful to propose an approach that gives information about the first inelastic incursions of the structure. Afterwards, a method to determine the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete shear walls buildings was proposed using a well known commercial software in the structural engineers community. The method is based on a fiber model able to represent the inelastic behavior of specific wall zones, considering materials characteristics and the hysteretic behavior of this kind of elements. The proposed model was validated with experimental results of T-shape and rectangular scaled shear walls available in the literature, the latter, applying different axial load levels. The low inelastic behavior of some elements as well as the high inelastic incursion of others, seen in the field, could be modeled by the method. Moreover the validity of the linear analysis from different perspectives could be determined through the nonlinear model. Finally, disadvantages of the extrapolation of results obtained from a single axis simplification approach, to the behavior of the entire structure were studied. Keywords: Nonlinear analysis, reinforced concrete shear walls, hysteresis, 2010 Chile earthquake, inelastic seismic response, structural analysis.
During the Chile 2010 earthquake the “Toledo” building, a 10 story plus underground level concrete structure in Vi˜na del Mar, suffered important damages concentrated mainly in the first floor, leading to the demolition of this. However previous studies show that the building did not have noticeable design faults that could explain this bad behavior. The objective of this work was to detect the most probable causes of the fails that occurred in the building during the seism, and the main factors that influence the observed phenomenon, using different, linear and nonlinear, analysis techniques based on the information collected in the field of the damages and structural detail plans. Preliminarily, the possibility of obtaining key information regarding the beginning of the nonlinear behavior from a linear analysis was studied. First, the building response calculated with the reduced modal spectral analysis, commonly used in the earthquake resistant design, was analyzed. Secondly, a time-history analysis of the building under a seismic record was conducted in order to study the effect of inclusion of the different components of the earthquake. Results from this model were useful to propose an approach that gives information about the first inelastic incursions of the structure. Afterwards, a method to determine the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete shear walls buildings was proposed using a well known commercial software in the structural engineers community. The method is based on a fiber model able to represent the inelastic behavior of specific wall zones, considering materials characteristics and the hysteretic behavior of this kind of elements. The proposed model was validated with experimental results of T-shape and rectangular scaled shear walls available in the literature, the latter, applying different axial load levels. The low inelastic behavior of some elements as well as the high inelastic incursion of others, seen in the field, could be modeled by the method. Moreover the validity of the linear analysis from different perspectives could be determined through the nonlinear model. Finally, disadvantages of the extrapolation of results obtained from a single axis simplification approach, to the behavior of the entire structure were studied. Keywords: Nonlinear analysis, reinforced concrete shear walls, hysteresis, 2010 Chile earthquake, inelastic seismic response, structural analysis.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ANALISIS NO LINEAL, HORMIGON, TERREMOTO