Publication: DESEMPEÑO SÍSMICO EN PUENTES DE HORMIGÓN ARMADO EN CHILE
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Date
2018
Authors
CABRERA VENEGAS, RODRIGO ANDRÉS
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Abstract
En Chile el uso de puentes de hormigón armado representa un gran porcentaje del total de kilómetros de carreteras nacionales, estas estructuras han sido diseñadas a partir de especificaciones y requerimientos provenientes de diferentes códigos de diseño como “AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridge” o “AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications” y “Manual de Carreteras”. La realidad geográfica, económica y demográfica de Chile sumado a la permanente actividad sísmica hace necesario estudiar el comportamiento de los puentes ante los eventos sísmicos.El objetivo de esta memoria es estudiar el desempeño de puentes de hormigón armado representativos de la realidad Chilena mediante análisis no lineal estático pushover, para ello como parámetro de entrada se determina estudiar tres puentes diseñados parar operar en carreteras chilenas con diferentes características, considerando un puente diseñado utilizando criterios sísmicos posteriores al terremoto del Maule, otro anterior al terremoto (2009) y finalmente un puente que haya presentado fallas en este evento. Los resultados se analizan mediante criterios de desempeño.En el desarrollo de este estudio se ha logrado identificar problemas difíciles de detectar mediante la modelación tradicional basada en análisis elástico, como el desempeño deficiente de los apoyos elastoméricos, consecuencia directa de las características de los elementos de conexión entre la superestructura y subestructura del puente. Además, se muestra, a través de diferentes criterios de desempeño, que las cepas de los puentes sin topes sísmicos permanecen en el rango elástico sin desarrollar la potencial disipación de energía propia de los ciclos de histéresis en las columnas de hormigón armado.
In Chile, the use of reinforced concrete bridges represents a large percentage of the total of bridges along this nation. These structures have been designed with specifications from different design codes like “Standard AASHTO Specifications for highway bridges”or “AASHTO LRFD” and “Manual de Carreteras”. The geographic, economic and demographic reality of Chile added to the permanent seismic activity makes mandatory to study the behavior of bridges under seismic loads.The objective of this report is to study the performance of reinforced concrete bridges representative of the Chilean reality through non-linear static pushover analysis. Three bridges were selected, each one with particular characteristics, one bridge was designed after the Earthquake of Maule (2010), another bridge was built before the Maule’s Earthquake and the last one failed during that event.In the development of this study, problems no detectable with the traditional analysis based on elastic behavior of the structures have been identified, such as the poor performance of the elastomeric bearings and the non-development of the yield in reinforced concrete columns in bridges without shear keys due the low capacity to transmit the shear force from the superstructure to substructure.
In Chile, the use of reinforced concrete bridges represents a large percentage of the total of bridges along this nation. These structures have been designed with specifications from different design codes like “Standard AASHTO Specifications for highway bridges”or “AASHTO LRFD” and “Manual de Carreteras”. The geographic, economic and demographic reality of Chile added to the permanent seismic activity makes mandatory to study the behavior of bridges under seismic loads.The objective of this report is to study the performance of reinforced concrete bridges representative of the Chilean reality through non-linear static pushover analysis. Three bridges were selected, each one with particular characteristics, one bridge was designed after the Earthquake of Maule (2010), another bridge was built before the Maule’s Earthquake and the last one failed during that event.In the development of this study, problems no detectable with the traditional analysis based on elastic behavior of the structures have been identified, such as the poor performance of the elastomeric bearings and the non-development of the yield in reinforced concrete columns in bridges without shear keys due the low capacity to transmit the shear force from the superstructure to substructure.
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Keywords
ANALISIS NO LINEAL ESTATICO , DISENO BASADO EN DESEMPENO , DISENO BASADO EN DESPLAZAMIENTOS , ESTADOS LIMITES DE DESEMPENO SISMICO , TIPOLOGIA TRADICIONAL DE PUENTES