Publication: IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE MODELOS PREDICTIVOS DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE TUBERÍAS ENTERRADAS SOMETIDAS A DEFORMACIONES PERMANENTE DEL TERRENO DEBIDO A SOLICITACIONES SíSMICAS EN CHILE
Date
2017
Authors
GERTNER MUÑOZ, RAÚL EMANUEL
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Abstract
La gran cantidad de terremotos ocurridos en Chile ha permitido diseñar una infraestructura que responde de buena manera ante estos eventos. Sin embargo, en los últimos episodios se ha evidenciado inconvenientes en el sistema sanitario principalmente debido al colapso de redes de conducción de agua potable. Con el propósito de comenzar hacer frente a esta problemática, se implementó un modelo desarrollado por el profesor M.J. O’Rourke, junto con otros colaboradores, que permite predecir el comportamiento de tuberías enterradas durante un sismo y se aplicó a la realidad nacional.El modelo implementado solicita como datos de entradas parámetros referentes a la tubería y suelo donde está enterrada como: diámetro, espesor, módulo de elasticidad, esfuerzo de fluencia, cohesión, ángulo de fricción, densidad, etc. Además, se deben ingresar valores relacionados con la magnitud del sismo como: largo y ancho de la zona de ruptura, desplazamiento del terreno y dirección en la que afecta a la tubería (transversal o longitudinal a su eje). Con estos parámetros se determina la deformación en la tubería verificando si alcanzó el rango de fluencia o si sufrió pandeo.El modelo se utilizó para determinar la deformación de tuberías variando su tamaño, material, el tipo de suelo donde está enterrada y la magnitud del sismo que la afecta. Los resultados obtenidos se presentan en forma gráfica en los anexos de este documento.El estudio permitió concluir que la mejor forma de disminuir las deformaciones en tuberías es aumentando su espesor y/o su diámetro (menos eficiente). Por otro lado, el material que mejor comportamiento tiene frente a desplazamientos transversales al eje de la tubería es el HDPE de PE200 seguido por el Acero y Hierro Dúctil. En cuanto a desplazamientos longitudinales, destaca el Hierro Dúcil y Acero seguido por HDPE de PE200, PE100 y PE80. El PVC resultó ser un material de mal comportamiento debido a su rápido colapso ante un desplazamiento del terreno.La experiencia actual muestra que en los diseños de ingeniería sanitaria no es rutinario analizar de forma explícita las instalaciones ante solicitaciones sísmicas, siendo un vacío que este trabajo tiene por objeto comenzar a enfrentar.
The large number of earthquakes in Chile has allowed the design of an infrastructure that responds well to these events. However, in the last few episodes there have been signs of inconvenience in the health system due mainly to the collapse of drinking water conduction networks. In order to begin addressing this problem, a model developed by Professor M.J. O'Rourke, along with other collaborators, that allows to predict the behavior of pipes buried during an earthquake and applied to the national reality.The implemented model requests as input data parameters related to the pipe and soil where it is buried as: diameter, thickness, modulus of elasticity, yield stress, cohesion, angle of friction, density, etc. In addition, values related to the magnitude of the earthquake must be entered as: length and width of the zone of rupture, displacement of the ground and direction in which it affects the pipe (transverse or longitudinal to its axis). With these parameters the deformation in the pipe is determined verifying if it reached the range of yield or if it suffered buckling.The model was used to determine the deformation of pipes varying their size, material, the type of soil where it is buried and the magnitude of the earthquake that affects it. The results obtained are presented graphically in the appendixes of this document.From the research that has been carried out, it is possible to conclude that the best way to reduce strain in pipes is to increase their thickness or increase their diameter (less practice). On the other hand, the material that best behaves against displacements transverse to the axis of the pipe is HDPE of PE200, followed for Steel and Ductile Iron. In terms of longitudinal displacements, the best material is ductile iron and Steel followed for HDPE of PE200, PE100 and PE80. The PVC proved to be an easy material to fail before a ground’s displacement, independent of the direction.Current experience shows that in engineering sanitary designs it is not a routine to analyze explicitly the installations before seismic stresses, being an emptiness that this paper aims to deal with.
The large number of earthquakes in Chile has allowed the design of an infrastructure that responds well to these events. However, in the last few episodes there have been signs of inconvenience in the health system due mainly to the collapse of drinking water conduction networks. In order to begin addressing this problem, a model developed by Professor M.J. O'Rourke, along with other collaborators, that allows to predict the behavior of pipes buried during an earthquake and applied to the national reality.The implemented model requests as input data parameters related to the pipe and soil where it is buried as: diameter, thickness, modulus of elasticity, yield stress, cohesion, angle of friction, density, etc. In addition, values related to the magnitude of the earthquake must be entered as: length and width of the zone of rupture, displacement of the ground and direction in which it affects the pipe (transverse or longitudinal to its axis). With these parameters the deformation in the pipe is determined verifying if it reached the range of yield or if it suffered buckling.The model was used to determine the deformation of pipes varying their size, material, the type of soil where it is buried and the magnitude of the earthquake that affects it. The results obtained are presented graphically in the appendixes of this document.From the research that has been carried out, it is possible to conclude that the best way to reduce strain in pipes is to increase their thickness or increase their diameter (less practice). On the other hand, the material that best behaves against displacements transverse to the axis of the pipe is HDPE of PE200, followed for Steel and Ductile Iron. In terms of longitudinal displacements, the best material is ductile iron and Steel followed for HDPE of PE200, PE100 and PE80. The PVC proved to be an easy material to fail before a ground’s displacement, independent of the direction.Current experience shows that in engineering sanitary designs it is not a routine to analyze explicitly the installations before seismic stresses, being an emptiness that this paper aims to deal with.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
DEFORMACION PERMANENTE , DEFORMACION SISMICA , IMPLEMENTACION , SISMOS , TUBERIAS