Thesis Evaluación de la factibilidad técnica de construcción de pretiles para la sectorización de depósitos de relaves convencionales de cobre
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Date
2024-01
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
Los relaves de cobres convencionales requieren áreas de terreno considerable debido a sus bajas pendientes de depositación. Esta condición lleva a la formación de estanques de decantación y extensas playas de relave, lo que da lugar a altas pérdidas de agua por evaporación y resaturación. La práctica de la construcción de pretiles sobre depósitos de relaves permite su sectorización, reduciendo las superficies de playas activas y las pérdidas de agua. El diseño de pretiles supone el desafío de requerir asegurar su estabilidad estática y post-sísmica, las que se ven afectadas por la acumulación de presión de poros de exceso generada durante la construcción, así como por su susceptibilidad a experimentar licuefacción. En este trabajo se estudiaron ambos fenómenos a través de la implementación numérica de un modelo de consolidación isotrópica con deformación de la columna de relaves y análisis de equilibrio límite. Se encontró que las deformaciones inducidas por las etapas constructivas son del orden de milímetros, por lo que su efecto es despreciable en los análisis de estabilidad. Además, a través de la sensibilización de los parámetros de diseño y resistencia, se ajustó y propuso un modelo matemático útil para una rápida primera estimación de las características geométricas del pretil y del tiempo requerido entre sus etapas constructivas.
Conventional copper tailings require considerable land areas due to their low deposition slopes. This condition leads to the formation of settling ponds and extensive tailings beaches, which gives rise to high water losses through evaporation and resaturation. The practice of building dykes over tailings deposits allows their sectorization, reducing the surfaces of active beaches and water losses. The design of dykes poses the challenge of ensuring their static and post-seismic stability, which is affected by the accumulation of excess pore pressure generated during construction, as well as by their susceptibility to experiencing liquefaction. In this work, both phenomena was studied through the numerical implementation of an isotropic consolidation model with tailings column deformation and limit equilibrium analysis. It was found that the deformations induced by the construction stages are of the order of millimeters, so their effect is negligible in the stability analyses. Furthermore, through awareness of the design and resistance parameters, a useful mathematical model was adjusted and proposed for a quick first estimate of the geometric characteristics of the dykes and the time required between its construction stages.
Conventional copper tailings require considerable land areas due to their low deposition slopes. This condition leads to the formation of settling ponds and extensive tailings beaches, which gives rise to high water losses through evaporation and resaturation. The practice of building dykes over tailings deposits allows their sectorization, reducing the surfaces of active beaches and water losses. The design of dykes poses the challenge of ensuring their static and post-seismic stability, which is affected by the accumulation of excess pore pressure generated during construction, as well as by their susceptibility to experiencing liquefaction. In this work, both phenomena was studied through the numerical implementation of an isotropic consolidation model with tailings column deformation and limit equilibrium analysis. It was found that the deformations induced by the construction stages are of the order of millimeters, so their effect is negligible in the stability analyses. Furthermore, through awareness of the design and resistance parameters, a useful mathematical model was adjusted and proposed for a quick first estimate of the geometric characteristics of the dykes and the time required between its construction stages.
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Keywords
Relave, Agua, Pretiles