Thesis Propuesta de un modelo de gestión financiera para las iglesias protestantes evangélicas de Chile
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Date
2021-03-11
Authors
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Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Los problemas de la corrupción o malversación de fondos en las Iglesias surgen debido al poco y casi nulo control que hay sobre estas instituciones.
Existe libertad para establecer una entidad religiosa pero también para tratar todo lo relacionado con sus asuntos internos debido a la separación Iglesia-Estado. Esta libertad incluye a cómo manejar sus finanzas.
Todas las entidades religiosas están categorizadas como organizaciones sin fines de lucro, poseen beneficios tributarios y no se les exige la realización de libros contables y una correspondiente declaración de ingresos, ni siquiera como requisito para acceder a las exenciones tributarias.
Y ¿Cómo se manejan estas instituciones?. Las Iglesias Evangélicas se financian, generalmente, mediante donaciones realizadas por sus propios miembros de manera voluntaria. Aunque existen algunas Iglesias que establecen ciertas reglas para formar parte de sus entidades, las que pueden incluir un aporte obligatorio mensual.
Esta libertad, junto con el mal manejo de los fondos de estas organizaciones es el principal problema de fondo a tocar en esta investigación.
Se comenzará indagando sobre los comienzos de la Iglesia Evangélica en Chile, su estructura, funcionalidad, junto con el sistema tributario del país, las estructuras contables básicas que se deberían exigir, los sistemas de auditoría y todo lo que lo relacione; para luego proceder con una investigación exhaustiva a 6 países, de los mismo temas, donde esta religión tenga una predominancia importante para así establecer un Modelo Óptimo de Gestión Financiera para el país.
Finalmente, se realizará una encuesta a los principales líderes de diversas Iglesias Evangélicas del país para tener conocimiento de la situación actual del problema. Con esto, y con el Modelo Óptimo, se presentará un “Plan de Mejora”, el cual consistirá en una pauta para un nuevo comportamiento ético financiero en estas instituciones.
The problems of corruption or embezzlement in the Churches arise because of the little and almost zero control over these institutions. There is freedom to establish a religious entity but also to deal with everything related to its internal affairs due to the Church-State separation. This freedom includes how to manage their finances. All religious entities are categorized as non-profit organizations; they have tax benefits and are not required to make ledgers and a corresponding income statement, even as a requirement to access tax exemptions. And, How are these institutions managed? Evangelical or Protestant Churches are generally funded by donations made by their own members on a voluntary basis. Although there are some Churches that establish certain rules to be part of their entities, which may include a mandatory monthly contribution. This freedom, together with the mismanagement of the funds of these organizations, is the main problem to be addressed in this research. We will begin by investigating the beginnings of the Evangelical Church in Chile, its structure, functionality, together with the country's tax system, the basic accounting structures that should be required, audit systems and everything relates to it; to then proceed with an through investigation to 6 countries of the same subjects, where this religion has an important predominance in order to establish an Optimal Financial Management Model for the country. Finally, a survey will be made to the main leaders of different Evangelical Churches in the country to have knowledge of the current situation of the problem. With this, and with the Optimal Model, an "Improvement Plan" will be presented, which will consist of a guideline for a new ethical financial behavior in these institutions.
The problems of corruption or embezzlement in the Churches arise because of the little and almost zero control over these institutions. There is freedom to establish a religious entity but also to deal with everything related to its internal affairs due to the Church-State separation. This freedom includes how to manage their finances. All religious entities are categorized as non-profit organizations; they have tax benefits and are not required to make ledgers and a corresponding income statement, even as a requirement to access tax exemptions. And, How are these institutions managed? Evangelical or Protestant Churches are generally funded by donations made by their own members on a voluntary basis. Although there are some Churches that establish certain rules to be part of their entities, which may include a mandatory monthly contribution. This freedom, together with the mismanagement of the funds of these organizations, is the main problem to be addressed in this research. We will begin by investigating the beginnings of the Evangelical Church in Chile, its structure, functionality, together with the country's tax system, the basic accounting structures that should be required, audit systems and everything relates to it; to then proceed with an through investigation to 6 countries of the same subjects, where this religion has an important predominance in order to establish an Optimal Financial Management Model for the country. Finally, a survey will be made to the main leaders of different Evangelical Churches in the country to have knowledge of the current situation of the problem. With this, and with the Optimal Model, an "Improvement Plan" will be presented, which will consist of a guideline for a new ethical financial behavior in these institutions.
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Keywords
Entidades religiosas, Control financiero, Modelo de gestión financiera