Thesis EVALUACIÓN DE RECIRCULACIÓN DE SÓLIDOS RESIDUALES PROVENIENTES DE PLANTA DE ÁCIDO DÉBIL EN FUNDICIÓN CHAGRES
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Date
2018
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El estudio se enmarca dentro del proceso industrial de la Fundición Chagres que produce cobre anódico a partir del procesamiento de concentrados, además de obtener como sub producto ácido sulfúrico. A partir del tratamiento de la corriente de gases, en la primera sección de la planta de ácido denominada etapa de limpieza, se obtiene un efluente líquido con bajas concentraciones de ácido denominado “ácido débil” el que es procesado en una planta de tratamiento que permite obtener un ácido sulfúrico comercializable.Producto de este proceso de limpieza se obtiene un residuo sólido que se caracteriza por tener una granulometría fina y estar compuesto principalmente por sulfuros de arsénico y cobre. Diariamente se produce un promedio de 6,3 toneladas de residuos los que son tratados fuera de las instalaciones de la fundición debido a su clasificación como residuos peligrosos. El gasto asociado en la disposición final corresponde a un monto significativo, que supera los $500.000 dólares por año.Se analizó la alternativa de recuperar el cobre contenido en los residuos de la planta de tratamiento de ácido débil lo que corresponde a una oportunidad de disminución del gasto de disposición final mediante la recirculación de estos en el proceso de fusión de la Fundición Chagres.Como resultado del estudio de recirculación se obtuvo un aumento de las emisiones de arsénico de la fundición para los años estudiados (2018 – 2026), pero a pesar de esto se cumple el Decreto Supremo 28 que establece un máximo de 35 [TMF] de arsénico emitidas por año y una recuperación superior a un 95%. Se tiene un promedio de anual de emisiones de 28,3 [TMF], con una recuperación de 96%. En cuanto a la recuperación del cobre presente en ellos, se obtuvo una recuperación del 97% lo que permite tener una ganancia de cobre en los ánodos aumentando la eficiencia del proceso.Sin la recirculación de los residuos generados se tiene un gasto operacional a lo que se suma un riesgo operacional asociado al transporte de una sustancia peligrosa. Mientras que al realizarlo se tiene un impacto económico que alcanza un valor superior a un millón de dólares para cada año, el que está formado por la eliminación de un 100% de los gastos de transporte y tratamiento de los residuos, además del ingreso generado con la recuperación de cobre que alcanza un monto promedio de $442.800 [USD] por año.La implementación del proceso de tratamiento de los residuos previo a su recirculación basándose en la planta aplicada en la Fundición de Saganoseki contempla una inversión de $1.756.717 [USD], un costo operacional promedio de $228.000 [USD], generando utilidades de $231.000 [USD] por año. La ganancia generada por el cobre recuperado en conjunto del ahorro considerado conlleva una recuperación de la inversión en el tercer año de operación. Realizando el análisis económico se obtiene que el precio específico de equilibrio del proyecto con el que no se generan pérdidas ni ganancias es de $2,53 [USD/lb] que corresponde a la valorización del cobre recirculado, monto inferior al mínimo esperado a partir de las proyecciones del mercado del cobre que es de $2,65[USD/lb], por lo tanto, la alternativa de recirculación es un proyecto rentable.
The study is part of the industrial process of the Chagres smelter that produces copper anodes from the processing of concentrates, in addition to obtaining sulfuric acid as a subproduct. From the treatment of the gas stream, in the first section of the acid plant called the cleaning stage, a liquid effluent with low concentrations of acid called "weak acid" is obtained, which is processed in a treatment plant that allows obtain a marketable sulfuric acid.As a result of this cleaning process, a solid residue is obtained which is characterized by having a fine granulometry and is composed mainly of arsenic and copper sulphides. Every day an average of 6.3 tons of waste is produced, which is treated outside the smelter facilities due to its classification as hazardous waste. The associated expense in the final disposal corresponds to a significant amount, which exceeds $ 500,000 per year.The alternative of recovering the copper contained in the waste from the weak acid treatment plant was analyzed, which corresponds to an opportunity to reduce the final disposal expense through the recirculation of these in the fusion process of the Chagres smelter.As a result of the recirculation study, an increase in the arsenic emissions of the smelter was obtained for the years studied (2018 - 2026), but despite this, Supreme Decree 28 establishing a maximum of 35 [TMF] of arsenic is met. issued per year and a recovery of more than 95%. There is an annual average of emissions of 28.3 [TMF], with a recovery of 96%. As for the recovery of the copper present in them, a recovery of 97% was obtained which allows to have a copper gain in the anodes increasing the efficiency of the process.Without the recirculation of the waste generated, there is an operational expense to which an operational risk associated with the transport of a dangerous substance is added. While doing so has an economic impact that reaches a value of more than one million dollars for each year, which is formed by the elimination of 100% of the costs of transportation and treatment of waste, in addition to the income generated with copper recovery that reaches an average amount of $ 442,800 [USD] per year.The implementation of the waste treatment process prior to its recirculation based on the plant applied in the Saganoseki Smelter contemplates an investment of $ 1,756,717 [USD], an average operational cost of $ 228,000 [USD], generating profits of $ 231,000 [USD] ] by year. The profit generated by the recovered copper as a whole from the considered savings leads to a recovery of the investment in the third year of operation. By performing the economic analysis, it is obtained that the specific equilibrium price of the project with which no losses or gains are generated is $ 2.53 [USD / lb] which corresponds to the recovery of recirculated copper, an amount lower than the minimum expected from the projections of the copper market that is $ 2.65 [USD / lb], therefore, the recirculation alternative is a profitable project.
The study is part of the industrial process of the Chagres smelter that produces copper anodes from the processing of concentrates, in addition to obtaining sulfuric acid as a subproduct. From the treatment of the gas stream, in the first section of the acid plant called the cleaning stage, a liquid effluent with low concentrations of acid called "weak acid" is obtained, which is processed in a treatment plant that allows obtain a marketable sulfuric acid.As a result of this cleaning process, a solid residue is obtained which is characterized by having a fine granulometry and is composed mainly of arsenic and copper sulphides. Every day an average of 6.3 tons of waste is produced, which is treated outside the smelter facilities due to its classification as hazardous waste. The associated expense in the final disposal corresponds to a significant amount, which exceeds $ 500,000 per year.The alternative of recovering the copper contained in the waste from the weak acid treatment plant was analyzed, which corresponds to an opportunity to reduce the final disposal expense through the recirculation of these in the fusion process of the Chagres smelter.As a result of the recirculation study, an increase in the arsenic emissions of the smelter was obtained for the years studied (2018 - 2026), but despite this, Supreme Decree 28 establishing a maximum of 35 [TMF] of arsenic is met. issued per year and a recovery of more than 95%. There is an annual average of emissions of 28.3 [TMF], with a recovery of 96%. As for the recovery of the copper present in them, a recovery of 97% was obtained which allows to have a copper gain in the anodes increasing the efficiency of the process.Without the recirculation of the waste generated, there is an operational expense to which an operational risk associated with the transport of a dangerous substance is added. While doing so has an economic impact that reaches a value of more than one million dollars for each year, which is formed by the elimination of 100% of the costs of transportation and treatment of waste, in addition to the income generated with copper recovery that reaches an average amount of $ 442,800 [USD] per year.The implementation of the waste treatment process prior to its recirculation based on the plant applied in the Saganoseki Smelter contemplates an investment of $ 1,756,717 [USD], an average operational cost of $ 228,000 [USD], generating profits of $ 231,000 [USD] ] by year. The profit generated by the recovered copper as a whole from the considered savings leads to a recovery of the investment in the third year of operation. By performing the economic analysis, it is obtained that the specific equilibrium price of the project with which no losses or gains are generated is $ 2.53 [USD / lb] which corresponds to the recovery of recirculated copper, an amount lower than the minimum expected from the projections of the copper market that is $ 2.65 [USD / lb], therefore, the recirculation alternative is a profitable project.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
EMISIONES DE ARSENICO, RECIRCULACION, RESIDUOS SOLIDOS