Thesis Propuesta de optimización para el mantenimiento preventivo de los flexibles hidráulicos de grúas horquillas para reducir su frecuencia de cambio y mejorar la operación
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Date
2025-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo desarrolla una propuesta técnica orientada a optimizar el mantenimiento de los flexibles hidráulicos en grúas horquillas, con el objetivo de reducir su frecuencia de reemplazo y mejorar la confiabilidad operativa de la flota. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el taller de una empresa de transportes, utilizando herramientas de mejora continua y estructurando el desarrollo bajo la metodología CAPDO (Check–Act–Plan–Do). Esta metodología permitió abordar el problema de manera secuencial y sistemática: primero diagnosticando la situación actual, luego identificando las causas raíz de las fallas, planificando acciones de mejora, ejecutándolas de forma controlada y, finalmente, evaluando sus resultados para retroalimentar el proceso. Durante la etapa de análisis se aplicaron herramientas como el diagrama de Pareto, los 5 Porqués, el Ishikawa y el diagrama Jack Knife, los cuales permitieron priorizar las causas más críticas, principalmente asociadas a la mala operación, el exceso de presión, el desgaste, la tracción en los extremos y las filtraciones. A partir de estos hallazgos se diseñó un protocolo de inspección preventiva y un plan de mejora basado en el ciclo PHVA, con énfasis en la capacitación operativa y la estandarización de procedimientos. El cálculo del MTTR permitió priorizar acciones sobre los componentes más críticos y establecer métricas de seguimiento para futuras evaluaciones. Esta propuesta no solo busca reducir el número de reposiciones de flexibles hidráulicos, sino también aumentar la disponibilidad y confiabilidad de los equipos, impulsando una gestión del mantenimiento más predictiva, proactiva y basada en datos.
This thesis presents a technical proposal aimed at optimizing the maintenance of hydraulic hoses in forklifts, with the objective of reducing their replacement frequency and improving fleet reliability. The study was conducted in the workshop of a transport company, using continuous improvement tools and structured under the CAPDO (Check–Act–Plan–Do) methodology. This approach allowed the problem to be addressed in a sequential and systematic way: first by assessing the current state, then identifying root causes of failures, planning improvement actions, executing them in a controlled manner, and finally evaluating the outcomes to provide feedback for continuous improvement. During the analysis stage, tools such as the Pareto chart, the 5 Whys, the Ishikawa diagram, and the Jack Knife method were applied to identify and prioritize the most critical causes, mainly related to improper operation, excessive pressure, wear, end traction, and leakage. Based on these findings, a preventive inspection protocol and an improvement plan were developed using the PDCA cycle, emphasizing operator training and standardized procedures. The calculation of MTTR helped prioritize critical components and define monitoring metrics for future evaluations. This proposal not only aims to reduce the number of hydraulic hose replacements but also to enhance equipment availability and reliability, fostering a more predictive, proactive, and data-driven maintenance management culture.
This thesis presents a technical proposal aimed at optimizing the maintenance of hydraulic hoses in forklifts, with the objective of reducing their replacement frequency and improving fleet reliability. The study was conducted in the workshop of a transport company, using continuous improvement tools and structured under the CAPDO (Check–Act–Plan–Do) methodology. This approach allowed the problem to be addressed in a sequential and systematic way: first by assessing the current state, then identifying root causes of failures, planning improvement actions, executing them in a controlled manner, and finally evaluating the outcomes to provide feedback for continuous improvement. During the analysis stage, tools such as the Pareto chart, the 5 Whys, the Ishikawa diagram, and the Jack Knife method were applied to identify and prioritize the most critical causes, mainly related to improper operation, excessive pressure, wear, end traction, and leakage. Based on these findings, a preventive inspection protocol and an improvement plan were developed using the PDCA cycle, emphasizing operator training and standardized procedures. The calculation of MTTR helped prioritize critical components and define monitoring metrics for future evaluations. This proposal not only aims to reduce the number of hydraulic hose replacements but also to enhance equipment availability and reliability, fostering a more predictive, proactive, and data-driven maintenance management culture.
Description
Keywords
Mantenimiento industrial, Confiabilidad operativa, Gestión del mantenimiento, Mejora continua de procesos
