Thesis Estudio de factibilidad de un sistema integrado de desalinización de agua de mar y una central de almacenamiento por bombeo en el borde costero chileno
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Date
2022-08
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de factibilidad técnico-económica de un sistema integrado de desalinización de agua de mar por osmosis inversa, una central de almacenamiento por bombeo y una planta fotovoltaica, ubicado al sur de la ciudad de Iquique, con el cual es posible abastecer de agua potable a 300.000 personas, además de inyectar energía eléctrica renovable y ofrecer un respaldo a la red eléctrica gracias al almacenamiento energético. La central PSH tiene una capacidad de almacenamiento diario de 473 [MWℎ], con 16 horas diarias de operación durante el modo de bombeo y una potencia de 54 [MW] en las bombas. Por otro lado, la planta RO puede producir 500 [L/s] de agua potable y la PFV tiene una capacidad instalada de 193 [MW].
La integración de las tres tecnologías de este proyecto (RO, PSH y PV) genera una reducción en los OPEX, ya que, mediante la planta solar fotovoltaica, se suple la energía necesaria para el bombeo de la PSH y para la desalación. Además, debido a la ubicación del reservorio a 1.070 [msnm], se puede desalinizar gracias a la presión hidrostática del agua, por lo que se prescinde de bombas de alta presión en la planta RO.
Por otro lado, durante los modos de bombeo y generación de la PSH, la salmuera se mezcla con el flujo bombeado y turbinado. De este modo, se logra reducir su salinidad en aproximadamente un 30%, lo que favorece su dilución en el vertimiento de esta al océano.
Con un costo de inversión de 378 [MMUSD], una tasa de descuento del 4% y un horizonte de evaluación de 30 años, se obtiene un VAN de 62,5 [MMUSD], una TIR de 5%, un ROIde 16,5% y un Payback descontado de 26 años, con lo cual se determina que el proyecto es rentable.
In this work, a technical-economic feasibility study is carried out for an integrated seawater desalination system based on reverse osmosis, a pumped-storage plant and a photovoltaic power station, located in the south of the city of Iquique, from which it is possible to supply drinking water to 300.000 people, in addition to generating renewable electricity and offering backup to the electricity grid from energy storage. The PSH plant has a daily storage capacity of 473 [MWℎ], with 16 daily operation hours during the pumping mode and a power of 54 [MW] in the pumps. In addition, the RO plant can produce 500 [L/s] of drinking water and the PV system has a 193 [MW] installed capacity. The integration of the three technologies of this project (RO, PSH and PV) generates an OPEX reduction, since, with the solar plant, the energy necessary for the PSH pumping and desalination is supplied. In addition, due to the reservoir location at 1.070 [msnm], the seawater is desalinated thanks to its hydrostatic pressure, therefore, no high-pressure pumps are needed in the desalination plant. On the other hand, during the PSH pumping and generation modes, the brine is mixed with the pumped and turbined flow. In this way, its salinity is reduced by approximately 30%, which favors its dilution when it is discharged into the ocean. With a 378 [MMUSD] investment cost, a 4% discount rate and a 30-year evaluation horizon, a 62,5 [MMUSD] VAN, a 5% TIR, a 16,5% ROI and a 26-year discounted Payback are obtained. Thus, it is determined that the project is profitable
In this work, a technical-economic feasibility study is carried out for an integrated seawater desalination system based on reverse osmosis, a pumped-storage plant and a photovoltaic power station, located in the south of the city of Iquique, from which it is possible to supply drinking water to 300.000 people, in addition to generating renewable electricity and offering backup to the electricity grid from energy storage. The PSH plant has a daily storage capacity of 473 [MWℎ], with 16 daily operation hours during the pumping mode and a power of 54 [MW] in the pumps. In addition, the RO plant can produce 500 [L/s] of drinking water and the PV system has a 193 [MW] installed capacity. The integration of the three technologies of this project (RO, PSH and PV) generates an OPEX reduction, since, with the solar plant, the energy necessary for the PSH pumping and desalination is supplied. In addition, due to the reservoir location at 1.070 [msnm], the seawater is desalinated thanks to its hydrostatic pressure, therefore, no high-pressure pumps are needed in the desalination plant. On the other hand, during the PSH pumping and generation modes, the brine is mixed with the pumped and turbined flow. In this way, its salinity is reduced by approximately 30%, which favors its dilution when it is discharged into the ocean. With a 378 [MMUSD] investment cost, a 4% discount rate and a 30-year evaluation horizon, a 62,5 [MMUSD] VAN, a 5% TIR, a 16,5% ROI and a 26-year discounted Payback are obtained. Thus, it is determined that the project is profitable
Description
Keywords
Desalinización de agua, Energía renovable, Integración tecnológica, Estaciones de bombeo