Thesis Valorización técnico-económica de tecnología trolley assist para una minera de rajo abierto
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
Bajo el contexto del cambio climático y la urgencia de mitigar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), la industria minera enfrenta el reto de reducir su huella ambiental. En la operación minera, el transporte representa uno de los mayores contribuyentes de estas emisiones, descarbonizar este segmento se presenta como una estrategia fundamental. La tecnología Trolley Assist (TA) emerge como una solución innovadora permitiendo reducir el consumo de combustible en los tramos más exigentes de la mina al suministrar energía eléctrica a los motores de tracción por medio de un sistema de catenarias.
El estudio se enfoca en una mina de rajo abierto en Chile, donde en temas de desempeño, la flota con tecnología TA logra ahorros de combustible cercano al 97% aproximadamente mientras está conectado a la línea eléctrica, en comparación con los camiones convencionales. Además, el aumento de velocidad de transporte incrementa en un 80,3% en ciertos tramos, el cual siempre depende de los largos y la inclinación de rampas.
La evaluación preliminar identificó cuatro rampas en el sector de botadero, de las cuales solo fueron seleccionadas dos (BOT_NE y BOT_SN) con un potencial económico mayor por sobre las otras. Este potencial deriva del ahorro de combustible, compensado por el costo del consumo eléctrico y respaldado por créditos de reducción de emisiones de CO2. No obstante, la implementación implica inversiones significativas en infraestructura, incluyendo la instalación de una subestación eléctrica y pantógrafos en los camiones, con un CAPEX estimado de 22,2 (MUSD).
Como estrategia de operación, se propone la instalación progresiva de pantógrafos desde el año 2030 en adelante, contemplando un vector máximo de 9 CAEX equipados en los periodos que se moviliza mayor tonelaje. Dicho valor se estima ofreciendo una utilización de los equipos por las rampas candidatas superior al 90%. Para este escenario el análisis económico refleja un VAN de 0,67 (MUSD) con un payback de 18 años utilizando una tasa de descuento del 7%.
In the context of climate change and the urgency to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the mining industry faces the challenge of reducing its environmental footprint. Within mining operations, transportation is one of the largest contributors to these emissions, making the decarbonization of this segment a key strategy. Trolley Assist (TA) technology emerges as an innovative solution, reducing fuel consumption on the most demanding sections of the mine by supplying electrical power to the traction motors via an overhead catenary system. The study focuses on an open-pit mine in Chile. In terms of performance, the fleet equipped with TA technology achieves fuel savings of approximately 97% when connected to the electrical line, compared to conventional trucks. Additionally, transport speed increases by 80.3% on certain sections, depending on ramp lengths and inclinations. A preliminary evaluation identified four candidate ramps in the waste dump area, of which only two (BOT_NE and BOT_SN) were selected for their superior economic potential. This potential stems from fuel savings, offset by the cost of electrical consumption and supported by CO2 emission reduction credits. However, implementation requires significant infrastructure investments, including the installation of an electrical substation and pantographs on the trucks, with an estimated CAPEX of 22.2 MUSD. A phased installation of pantographs is proposed, starting in 2030, with a maximum of 9 TA-equipped trucks during periods of peak tonnage transport. This approach ensures an equipment utilization rate exceeding 90% on the selected ramps. Under these conditions, the economic analysis shows a Net Present Value (NPV) of 0.67 MUSD and a payback period of 18 years, using a discount rate of 7%.
In the context of climate change and the urgency to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the mining industry faces the challenge of reducing its environmental footprint. Within mining operations, transportation is one of the largest contributors to these emissions, making the decarbonization of this segment a key strategy. Trolley Assist (TA) technology emerges as an innovative solution, reducing fuel consumption on the most demanding sections of the mine by supplying electrical power to the traction motors via an overhead catenary system. The study focuses on an open-pit mine in Chile. In terms of performance, the fleet equipped with TA technology achieves fuel savings of approximately 97% when connected to the electrical line, compared to conventional trucks. Additionally, transport speed increases by 80.3% on certain sections, depending on ramp lengths and inclinations. A preliminary evaluation identified four candidate ramps in the waste dump area, of which only two (BOT_NE and BOT_SN) were selected for their superior economic potential. This potential stems from fuel savings, offset by the cost of electrical consumption and supported by CO2 emission reduction credits. However, implementation requires significant infrastructure investments, including the installation of an electrical substation and pantographs on the trucks, with an estimated CAPEX of 22.2 MUSD. A phased installation of pantographs is proposed, starting in 2030, with a maximum of 9 TA-equipped trucks during periods of peak tonnage transport. This approach ensures an equipment utilization rate exceeding 90% on the selected ramps. Under these conditions, the economic analysis shows a Net Present Value (NPV) of 0.67 MUSD and a payback period of 18 years, using a discount rate of 7%.
Description
Keywords
Valor actual neto, Gatos de capital, Gases efecto invernadero, Minería a rajo abierto
