Thesis Estudio de dilución en block caving mediante métodos de elementos discretos
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un método para generar modelos diluidos en la planificación de explotaciones por Block Caving, basándose en la comprensión del flujo gravitacional mediante el uso de herramientas de modelación de Elementos Discretos (DEM). A través de este enfoque, se identifican las capas de cebolla como la diferencia de una ZEA i con su antecesor, revelando una configuración de capas anidadas que atraviesan los distintos estratos de la columna in situ.
El estudio se centra en la determinación de las leyes de diversas capas de cebolla, las cuales son representadas mediante bloques diluidos. Cada capa de cebolla atraviesa diferentes estratos de la columna in situ, lo que permite calcular su ley media mediante un promedio ponderado, utilizando las proporciones de material de cada estrato como ponderadores. Esto permite obtener una representación precisa de las leyes de las capas de cebollas extraídas, que se utilizan para representar bloques diluidos, los cuales son esenciales para la planificación de la extracción.
En las simulaciones realizadas en Ansys Rocky con el algoritmo DEM, se modeló una columna de extracción aislada a escala real con partículas esféricas de un solo tamaño y densidad, sin adhesión ni fragmentación. Se generaron 15 simulaciones, donde cada una presenta distintas configuraciones de posiciones de las partículas dentro de la columna de extracción. El contenedor cilíndrico simulado tiene dimensiones de 100 metros de alto con un diámetro de 30 metros, con una abertura central de 7 metros de diámetro (cerrada con un tapón), y un total de 146,470 partículas en promedio.
El estudio introduce una técnica para estimar la ley de estos bloques diluidos, distribuyendo las leyes por estratos cada 10 metros y utilizando coeficientes normalizados para calcular la proporción de partículas extraídas de cada estrato respecto al total. El trabajo presenta la tabla de ponderadores correspondiente a una columna dividida en 10 estratos o deciles.
This study presents a methodology for generating diluted models in Block Caving mine planning, based on the understanding of gravitational flow using Discrete Element Method (DEM) modeling tools. Through this approach, onion layers are identified as the difference between an IEZ i and its predecessor, revealing a nested layer configuration that traverses the various in situ column strata. The research focuses on determining the grades of different onion layers, which are represented as diluted blocks. Each onion layer intersects multiple strata of the in situ column, allowing for the calculation of its average grade using a weighted average method, where the proportions of material from each stratum serve as weighting factors. This provides an accurate representation of the grades of the extracted onion layers, which are essential for modeling diluted blocks and optimizing extraction planning. Simulations conducted in Ansys Rocky using the DEM algorithm modeled a full-scale isolated extraction column filled with spherical particles of uniform size and density, with no adhesion or fragmentation. A total of 15 simulations were performed, each featuring different particle configurations within the extraction column. The simulated cylindrical container measured 100 meters in height and 30 meters in diameter, with a central opening of 7 meters in diameter (initially sealed), and an average of 146,470 particles. The study introduces a technique to estimate the grades of these diluted blocks by stratifying grades into 10-meter intervals and applying normalized coefficients to calculate the proportion of particles extracted from each stratum relative to the total. A table of weighting factors is provided for a column divided into 10 strata or deciles.
This study presents a methodology for generating diluted models in Block Caving mine planning, based on the understanding of gravitational flow using Discrete Element Method (DEM) modeling tools. Through this approach, onion layers are identified as the difference between an IEZ i and its predecessor, revealing a nested layer configuration that traverses the various in situ column strata. The research focuses on determining the grades of different onion layers, which are represented as diluted blocks. Each onion layer intersects multiple strata of the in situ column, allowing for the calculation of its average grade using a weighted average method, where the proportions of material from each stratum serve as weighting factors. This provides an accurate representation of the grades of the extracted onion layers, which are essential for modeling diluted blocks and optimizing extraction planning. Simulations conducted in Ansys Rocky using the DEM algorithm modeled a full-scale isolated extraction column filled with spherical particles of uniform size and density, with no adhesion or fragmentation. A total of 15 simulations were performed, each featuring different particle configurations within the extraction column. The simulated cylindrical container measured 100 meters in height and 30 meters in diameter, with a central opening of 7 meters in diameter (initially sealed), and an average of 146,470 particles. The study introduces a technique to estimate the grades of these diluted blocks by stratifying grades into 10-meter intervals and applying normalized coefficients to calculate the proportion of particles extracted from each stratum relative to the total. A table of weighting factors is provided for a column divided into 10 strata or deciles.
Description
Keywords
Caverna de bloques, Elementos discretos, Modelo diluido