Thesis DESARROLLO DE HERRAMIENTAS DE GESTIÓN PARA EVALUAR EL DESEMPEÑO EN LA OPERACIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO DURANTE LA ETAPA DE EXPLOTACIÓN DE LA CONCESIÓN VIAL, APLICABLES EN BASES DE LICITACIÓN PARA FUTURAS CONCESIONES
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Date
2020-08
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE OBRAS CIVILES. INGENIERÍA CIVIL
DEPARTAMENTO DE OBRAS CIVILES. MAGÍSTER EN CIENCIAS DE LA INGENIERÍA CIVIL
DEPARTAMENTO DE OBRAS CIVILES. MAGÍSTER EN CIENCIAS DE LA INGENIERÍA CIVIL
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La operación de una carretera requiere de la gestión de distintos objetivos estratégicos, entre
los que se cuentan el servicio a los usuarios de la misma, la conservación del patrimonio vial y la
relación con la comunidad y medio ambiente aledaños. La presente tesis se enfoca en dos de estos
aspectos. En primer lugar, se propone una herramienta para medir el nivel de servicio entregado
a los usuarios de una vía en lo concerniente a la movilidad, que corresponde a uno de los aspectos
más valorados por los mismos. En segundo lugar, se realiza una propuesta conceptual para evaluar
la conservación patrimonial de la infraestructura realizada durante la operación de una carretera.
Se desarrolla una herramienta de gestión para evaluar el desempeño de las agencias viales al
momento de garantizar la movilidad de los usuarios que transitan por la vía. Para ello se realiza una
revisión bibliográ ca de las herramientas existentes para evaluar la movilidad, de tal manera de
proponer una herramienta de gestión que sea aplicable en futuras bases de licitación de concesiones
en Chile. Se de ne un indicador técnico de desempeño, el cual mide los aumentos de tiempos de
viaje de un tramo de carretera respecto a una situación base, ocasionados por eventos que reducen
de manera temporal la capacidad de la vía. Se compara los tiempos de viaje medios de un bloque
horario con un tiempo representativo para ese mismo bloque, este último se calcula anualmente
considerando los momentos en que la vía se encuentra con disponibilidad plena. El aumento en los
tiempos de viaje calculado es ponderado por la cantidad de vehículos que transitaron respecto al
total diario, obteniéndose el valor medio diario del indicador. Finalmente, el indicador se denomina
aumento porcentual de los tiempos medios de viaje diarios.
Se desarrolla un modelo que permite evaluar el desempeño de las concesionarias en el cumplimiento
del objetivo estratégico de conservación de patrimonio vial. Este modelo busca constatar
la condición estructural en el que se encuentra la infraestructura, considerando la evaluación independiente
de cada uno de sus activos, mediante indicadores técnicos de desempeño. La condición
general de la carretera se obtiene mediante la ponderación de la evaluación de cada elemento,
estos ponderadores dependen de los costos asociados a la reposición de cada activo en el caso de
que fallen, los cuales incluyen los costos de reconstrucción, los costos sociales por aumento en los
tiempos de viaje y los costos sociales por aumentos en los accidentes causados por las zonas de
trabajo generadas durante la rehabilitación de la infraestructura. Los activos viales considerados
en el modelo son aquellos que aportan a la integridad estructural del patrimonio y que cuya condici
ón no es percibida durante la experiencia de viaje de los usuarios. La estructura nal del modelo
depende de la con guración de cada carretera y de las condiciones de la red en la que se encuentra.
The operation of a highway requires the management of di erent strategic objectives, among which are the service to its users, the conservation of the road heritage and the relationship with the surrounding community and environment. The present thesis focuses on two of these aspects. Firstly, a tool is proposed to measure the level of service provided to users of a road regarding mobility, which corresponds to one of the aspects most valued by users themselves. Secondly, a conceptual proposal is made to assess the heritage conservation of the infrastructure implemented during the operation of a highway. A management tool is developed to assess the performance of road agencies when guaranteeing the mobility of users who transit the road. For this, a bibliographic review of the existing tools to assess mobility is carried out, in order to propose a management tool that is applicable in future bidding rules for concessions in Chile. A technical performance indicator is de ned, which measures the increase in travel times of a highway section with respect to a base scenario, caused by events that temporarily reduce the capacity of the road. The average travel times of an hourly block are compared with a representative time for that same block, the latter is calculated annually considering the times when the road is in full availability. The increase in travel times calculated is weighted by the number of vehicles that transited with respect to the daily total, obtaining the daily average value of the indicator. Finally, the indicator is called a percentage increase in average daily travel times. A model is conceptually developed that allows evaluating the performance of concessionaires in meeting the strategic objective of road heritage conservation. This model seeks to verify the structural condition of the infrastructure, considering the independent evaluation of each asset that is part of it, using technical performance indicators. The general condition of the highway is obtained by weighing the evaluation of each element, these importance weights depend on the costs associated with the replacement of each asset in the event that they fail, which include reconstruction costs, social costs for the increase in travel times and social costs for the increase in accidents caused by work areas generated during the rehabilitation of the infrastructure. The road assets to consider in the model are those that contribute to the structural integrity of the heritage and whose condition is not perceived during the users' travel experience. The nal structure of the model depends on the con guration of each highway and the conditions of the network in which it is located. 9
The operation of a highway requires the management of di erent strategic objectives, among which are the service to its users, the conservation of the road heritage and the relationship with the surrounding community and environment. The present thesis focuses on two of these aspects. Firstly, a tool is proposed to measure the level of service provided to users of a road regarding mobility, which corresponds to one of the aspects most valued by users themselves. Secondly, a conceptual proposal is made to assess the heritage conservation of the infrastructure implemented during the operation of a highway. A management tool is developed to assess the performance of road agencies when guaranteeing the mobility of users who transit the road. For this, a bibliographic review of the existing tools to assess mobility is carried out, in order to propose a management tool that is applicable in future bidding rules for concessions in Chile. A technical performance indicator is de ned, which measures the increase in travel times of a highway section with respect to a base scenario, caused by events that temporarily reduce the capacity of the road. The average travel times of an hourly block are compared with a representative time for that same block, the latter is calculated annually considering the times when the road is in full availability. The increase in travel times calculated is weighted by the number of vehicles that transited with respect to the daily total, obtaining the daily average value of the indicator. Finally, the indicator is called a percentage increase in average daily travel times. A model is conceptually developed that allows evaluating the performance of concessionaires in meeting the strategic objective of road heritage conservation. This model seeks to verify the structural condition of the infrastructure, considering the independent evaluation of each asset that is part of it, using technical performance indicators. The general condition of the highway is obtained by weighing the evaluation of each element, these importance weights depend on the costs associated with the replacement of each asset in the event that they fail, which include reconstruction costs, social costs for the increase in travel times and social costs for the increase in accidents caused by work areas generated during the rehabilitation of the infrastructure. The road assets to consider in the model are those that contribute to the structural integrity of the heritage and whose condition is not perceived during the users' travel experience. The nal structure of the model depends on the con guration of each highway and the conditions of the network in which it is located. 9
Description
Keywords
DESARROLLO VIAL, CONSERVACIÓN PATRIMONIAL, CONSERVACIÓN PATRIMONIO VIAL, MODELO DE GESTIÓN VÍAL, MOVILIDAD VIAL