Thesis Modelo de sistema de medición de vibraciones para stand de laminación de acero en caliente
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Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El presente trabajo de titulación es la determinación de un sistema de medición de vibraciones que permita predecir fallas en un stand de laminación en caliente para reducir los costos de detenciones no planificadas, los costos de mantenimiento y los riesgos a la seguridad del personal.
El objetivo general de este trabajo es determinar un sistema de medición de vibraciones apropiado capaz de predecir fallas en un stand de laminación en caliente.
Esta memoria se desarrolla en Aceros AZA S.A., el mayor productor de acero verde (a partir de chatarra ferrosa) del país. Su oferta consiste en barras y rollos de refuerzo para hormigón, alambrón, perfiles laminados en caliente y barra helicoidal Saferock destinados a diferentes mercados. El área de enfoque es Laminación Colina, donde se realiza el proceso de laminación para que el acero adopte la forma del producto final.
Primero se investigó sobre el mantenimiento condicional y las herramientas que entrega para la prevención y predicción de fallas y defectos en los equipos. Dentro de estas técnicas se encontraron 3 ampliamente utilizadas en la industria de laminación: análisis de aceite, análisis de vibraciones y termografía infrarroja. Se describió cada una de estas 3 técnicas y sus aplicaciones en la industria.
Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de fallas a partir de los datos de las interrupciones recolectados entre los años 2019 y 2022. A estos datos se les aplicaron diferentes filtros para cuantificar el tiempo de interrupción generado por los componentes de los stands de laminación. Se procedió a determinar el stand más crítico y a calcular el impacto económico de las fallas por rodamientos, tanto por costos de no producción como por costos de mantenimiento. Con esto se decidió avanzar en un plan piloto para el stand M11H.
Luego, se detalló la condición operacional del stand M11H y las propuestas de sistemas de monitoreo de vibraciones cotizadas para continuar con el plan piloto. Con la elección de una de las propuestas se llevó a cabo la puesta en marcha del sistema de monitoreo y se realizaron dos periodos de monitoreo donde se recolectaron los datos de los acelerómetros para las métricas de temperatura y vibración en velocidad y aceleración.
The present degree work is the determination of a vibration measurement system that allows predicting failures in a hot rolling mill stand to reduce the costs of unplanned stops, maintenance costs and risks to the safety staff. The overall objective of this work is to determine an appropriate vibration measurement system capable of predicting failures in a hot rolling mill stand. This report is developed in Aceros AZA S.A., the largest producer of green steel (from ferrous scrap) in the country. Its offer consists of reinforcing bars and rolls for concrete, wire rod, hot rolled profiles for different markets. The focus area is Laminación Colina, where the hot rolling process is carried out so that the steel takes the shape of the final product. First, conditional maintenance and the tools it provides for the prevention and prediction of equipment failures and defects were investigated. Within these techniques, 3 were widely used in the hot rolling industry: oil analysis, vibration analysis and infrared thermography. Each of these 3 techniques and their applications in industry were described. Afterwards, a failure analysis was carried out based on the interruption data collected between the years 2019 and 2022. Different filters were applied to these data to quantify the delays generated by the components of the rolling mill stands. The most critical rolling mill stand was determined, and the economic impact of bearing failures was calculated, both due to non-production costs and maintenance costs. With this, the decision was made to advance in a pilot plan at rolling mill M11H. Then, the operational condition of rolling mill M11H and the proposed vibration monitoring systems listed to continue with the pilot plan were detailed. With the choice of one of the proposals, the implementation of the monitoring system was carried out and two monitoring periods were carried out where the data from the accelerometers were collected for the temperature and vibration metrics in speed and acceleration.
The present degree work is the determination of a vibration measurement system that allows predicting failures in a hot rolling mill stand to reduce the costs of unplanned stops, maintenance costs and risks to the safety staff. The overall objective of this work is to determine an appropriate vibration measurement system capable of predicting failures in a hot rolling mill stand. This report is developed in Aceros AZA S.A., the largest producer of green steel (from ferrous scrap) in the country. Its offer consists of reinforcing bars and rolls for concrete, wire rod, hot rolled profiles for different markets. The focus area is Laminación Colina, where the hot rolling process is carried out so that the steel takes the shape of the final product. First, conditional maintenance and the tools it provides for the prevention and prediction of equipment failures and defects were investigated. Within these techniques, 3 were widely used in the hot rolling industry: oil analysis, vibration analysis and infrared thermography. Each of these 3 techniques and their applications in industry were described. Afterwards, a failure analysis was carried out based on the interruption data collected between the years 2019 and 2022. Different filters were applied to these data to quantify the delays generated by the components of the rolling mill stands. The most critical rolling mill stand was determined, and the economic impact of bearing failures was calculated, both due to non-production costs and maintenance costs. With this, the decision was made to advance in a pilot plan at rolling mill M11H. Then, the operational condition of rolling mill M11H and the proposed vibration monitoring systems listed to continue with the pilot plan were detailed. With the choice of one of the proposals, the implementation of the monitoring system was carried out and two monitoring periods were carried out where the data from the accelerometers were collected for the temperature and vibration metrics in speed and acceleration.
Description
Keywords
Laminación, Metalurgia, Planificación estratégica, Administración industrial