Thesis Modelación numérica de la presión sobre los lifters de un molino SAG utilizando acoplamiento DEM - SPH
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Date
2026-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
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Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo de título tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de la fase fluida presente en la carga interna de un molino SAG en operación, específicamente en las presiones ejercidas sobre las caras de los lifters. Para ello, se emplearon simulaciones computacionales desarrolladas en el software ANSYS Rocky, mediante el acoplamiento de los métodos DEM (Discrete Element Method) y SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics). Este estudio se enmarca en el contexto de la molienda húmeda, donde la presencia de fluido altera la dinámica interna del molino, modificando las condiciones de carga que inciden directamente sobre los lifters. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se desarrollaron modelos numéricos que integran partículas sólidas (bolas de acero y rocas) junto con la fase fluida (agua), dentro de un dominio geométrico simplificado y optimizado con el fin de reducir el costo computacional sin sacrificar la representatividad física del sistema. Entre las estrategias implementadas destacan la utilización de procesamiento paralelo mediante GPU, la reducción geométrica del molino, la generación de mallados diferenciados para zonas críticas y el uso de elementos SPH, lo que permitió capturar con mayor precisión fenómenos propios de fluidos con superficies libres complejas, como la formación de jets. La metodología consistió en realizar simulaciones comparativas con y sin fase líquida (DEM-SPH vs. DEM), manteniendo condiciones operativas similares. Se analizó la presión nodal promedio sobre la cara superior de un lifter en distintas posiciones angulares y a lo largo de varias revoluciones del molino. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la inclusión del fluido genera un aumento de presión en las zonas bajas del molino, atenúa las presiones en las zonas altas debido a un efecto redistributivo del medio y produce una distribución más homogénea y estable en el tiempo. Además, el sistema presentó comportamientos dinámicos, como la formación de jets de fluido, que normalmente no son capturados por métodos basados en malla como la CFD. Se concluye que(...).
This thesis aims to analyze the influence of the fluid phase present in the internal load of an operating SAG (Semi-Autogenous Grinding) mill, specifically regarding the pressures exerted on the lifter surfaces. To achieve this, computational simulations were carried out using ANSYS Rocky software, employing the coupling of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). This study is framed within the context of wet grinding, where the presence of fluid alters the internal dynamics of the mill, directly affecting the load conditions that act on the lifters. To conduct this analysis, numerical models were developed that combine solid particles (rocks and steel balls) with a fluid phase (water), within a simplified and optimized geometry designed to reduce computational cost while preserving the physical representativeness of the system. Several optimization strategies were applied, including the use of GPU-based parallel processing, geometric scaling of the mill, targeted meshing in critical zones, and the implementation of SPH elements to accurately capture free-surface fluid behavior such as jet formation. The methodology involved performing comparative simulations with and without the fluid phase (DEM-SPH vs. DEM), under similar operating conditions. The average nodal pressure on the upper face of a lifter was analyzed at different angular positions and over multiple mill rotations. The results show that incorporating the fluid phase leads to a increase in pressure in lower zones of the mill, a reduction in pressure in the upper regions due to redistribution effects, and a more homogeneous and temporally stable pressure distribution overall. Additionally, the system exhibited dynamic behaviors, such as fluid jet formation, that are not typically captured by mesh-based methods like CFD. In conclusion(...).
This thesis aims to analyze the influence of the fluid phase present in the internal load of an operating SAG (Semi-Autogenous Grinding) mill, specifically regarding the pressures exerted on the lifter surfaces. To achieve this, computational simulations were carried out using ANSYS Rocky software, employing the coupling of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). This study is framed within the context of wet grinding, where the presence of fluid alters the internal dynamics of the mill, directly affecting the load conditions that act on the lifters. To conduct this analysis, numerical models were developed that combine solid particles (rocks and steel balls) with a fluid phase (water), within a simplified and optimized geometry designed to reduce computational cost while preserving the physical representativeness of the system. Several optimization strategies were applied, including the use of GPU-based parallel processing, geometric scaling of the mill, targeted meshing in critical zones, and the implementation of SPH elements to accurately capture free-surface fluid behavior such as jet formation. The methodology involved performing comparative simulations with and without the fluid phase (DEM-SPH vs. DEM), under similar operating conditions. The average nodal pressure on the upper face of a lifter was analyzed at different angular positions and over multiple mill rotations. The results show that incorporating the fluid phase leads to a increase in pressure in lower zones of the mill, a reduction in pressure in the upper regions due to redistribution effects, and a more homogeneous and temporally stable pressure distribution overall. Additionally, the system exhibited dynamic behaviors, such as fluid jet formation, that are not typically captured by mesh-based methods like CFD. In conclusion(...).
Description
Keywords
Molinos SAG, Modelación numérica, Método de elementos discretos, Hidrodinámica de partículas suavizadas, Acoplamiento DEM-SPH
