Thesis Producción carbono neutral de leche y derivados en la zona sur de Chile
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Química
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
Este informe presenta un proyecto de evaluación técnica y económica para implementar un sistema de refrigeración solar en la zona sur de Chile, con el propósito de reducir las emisiones asociadas a la producción de lácteos. Se enfoca en la planta de Nestle en Cancura, Osorno, que se alinea con la visión internacional de la industria privada para reducir emisiones y lograr la neutralidad de carbono para 2050. La planta seleccionada, con una producción anual de leche cruda entre 200 y 300 millones de litros, sirve como referencia para el dimensionamiento del sistema.
El sistema de refrigeración se basa en plantas piloto de la Politécnica de Mila n en el norte de A frica, utilizando colectores solares lineales fresnel y parabólicos para la captación solar. Este sistema utiliza amoníaco como refrigerante para enfriar la corriente de aire o líquido necesario para la refrigeración de las plantas lácteas, que requieren temperaturas de almacenamiento de 5°C.
La planta seleccionada presenta un consumo anual de 30 GWh/an o, del cual el 78% corresponde a consumo eléctrico y de este porcentaje, un 60% corresponde a consumo de refrigeración. Por lo cual se plantea alcanzar 1,2 GWh/mes de potencia de frío.
Se logro modelar por medio de ASPEN HYSYS el sistema de refrigeración, logrando generar 10 MWh/mes por módulo de generación, necesitando así 121 módulos de colección y refrigeración, lo que utilizara una superficie de 60 ha. Este sistema alcanza un COP de 0,7 y considerando la eficiencia de 0,65 del colector, el proceso alcanza un COPSolar de 0,47.
Ahora, debido a las fluctuaciones de temperatura a lo largo del año, el uso de los colectores para refrigeración oscilara a la misma tasa dejando colectores sin uso. Para lo cual, se planteó como solución implementar un sistema de ORC, modelado con ASPEN HYSYS, como complemento a la refrigeración para la generación de corriente eléctrica en aquellos módulos solares que no se necesite la producción de frío. Con este sistema se alcanza, a una eficiencia del 8%, con isopentano como fluido caloportador, una producción de 0,52 GWh/an o. Reduciendo los costos generales de operación por costos eléctricos.
Finalmente, se evaluó la rentabilidad de implementar el proyecto evaluando 3 escenarios de financiamiento. En los cuales se consideró el financiamiento bancario, pago propio de la empresa o financiamiento por subvención estatal. En los 3 casos se obtuvo el aumento de precio unitario en 4 productos típicos de la industria para lograr la rentabilidad del proyecto, no superando los $4 CLP/Producto en promedio. Adema s, se realizó una encuesta a 67 personas para determinar la disposición a pagar por productos de carácter renovable. Traduciendo esto en el aumento del VAN de los proyectos más alla de lo planteado inicialmente.
This document presents a technical and economic evaluation project for the implementation of a solar refrigeration system in the southern region of Chile, aiming to reduce emissions associated with the production of dairy products. It focuses on Nestlé's plant in Cancura, Osorno, aligning with the international industry's vision to reduce emissions and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The selected plant, with an annual production of raw milk between 200 and 300 million liters, serves as a reference for system sizing. The refrigeration system is based on pilot plants from the Polytechnic University of Milan in North Africa, using linear fresnel and parabolic solar collectors for solar capture. This system uses ammonia as a refrigerant to cool the air or liquid necessaryfor the refrigeration of dairy plants, which require storage temperatures of 5°C. The selected plant has an annual energy consumption of 30 GWh/year, with 78% of this consumption attributed to electrical usage. Out of this percentage, 60% corresponds to refrigeration consumption. Consequently, the goal is to achieve 1.2 GWh/month of cooling power. Through modeling in ASPEN HYSYS, the refrigeration system was designed to generate 10 MWh/month per generation module, requiring 121collection and refrigeration modules covering an area of 60 hectares. This system achieves a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 0.7. Considering the collector's efficiency of 0.65, the process achieves a Solar COP (COPSolar) of 0.47. However, due to temperature fluctuations throughout the year, the use of collectors for refrigeration will vary at the same rate, potentially leaving some collectors unused. As a solution, it was proposed to implement an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system,modeled with ASPEN HYSYS, as a complement to refrigeration for generating electrical power in those solar modules where refrigeration is not needed. With this system, an efficiency of 8% is achieved, using isopentane as the heat transfer fluid, resulting in an annual production of 0.52 GWh. This helps reduce overall operating costs by offsetting electricity expenses. Finally, the profitability of implementing the project was assessed by evaluating three financing scenarios. These scenarios included bank financing, company self-funding, or state subsidy financing. In all three cases, an increase in the unit price of four typical industry products was considered to achieve project profitability, with an average increase not exceeding $4 CLP per product. Additionally, a survey of 67 individuals was conducted to determine their willingness to pay for renewable products, which translated into an increase in the Net Present Value (VAN) of the projects beyond the initial projections.
This document presents a technical and economic evaluation project for the implementation of a solar refrigeration system in the southern region of Chile, aiming to reduce emissions associated with the production of dairy products. It focuses on Nestlé's plant in Cancura, Osorno, aligning with the international industry's vision to reduce emissions and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The selected plant, with an annual production of raw milk between 200 and 300 million liters, serves as a reference for system sizing. The refrigeration system is based on pilot plants from the Polytechnic University of Milan in North Africa, using linear fresnel and parabolic solar collectors for solar capture. This system uses ammonia as a refrigerant to cool the air or liquid necessaryfor the refrigeration of dairy plants, which require storage temperatures of 5°C. The selected plant has an annual energy consumption of 30 GWh/year, with 78% of this consumption attributed to electrical usage. Out of this percentage, 60% corresponds to refrigeration consumption. Consequently, the goal is to achieve 1.2 GWh/month of cooling power. Through modeling in ASPEN HYSYS, the refrigeration system was designed to generate 10 MWh/month per generation module, requiring 121collection and refrigeration modules covering an area of 60 hectares. This system achieves a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 0.7. Considering the collector's efficiency of 0.65, the process achieves a Solar COP (COPSolar) of 0.47. However, due to temperature fluctuations throughout the year, the use of collectors for refrigeration will vary at the same rate, potentially leaving some collectors unused. As a solution, it was proposed to implement an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system,modeled with ASPEN HYSYS, as a complement to refrigeration for generating electrical power in those solar modules where refrigeration is not needed. With this system, an efficiency of 8% is achieved, using isopentane as the heat transfer fluid, resulting in an annual production of 0.52 GWh. This helps reduce overall operating costs by offsetting electricity expenses. Finally, the profitability of implementing the project was assessed by evaluating three financing scenarios. These scenarios included bank financing, company self-funding, or state subsidy financing. In all three cases, an increase in the unit price of four typical industry products was considered to achieve project profitability, with an average increase not exceeding $4 CLP per product. Additionally, a survey of 67 individuals was conducted to determine their willingness to pay for renewable products, which translated into an increase in the Net Present Value (VAN) of the projects beyond the initial projections.
Description
Keywords
Emisiones de carbono, Sistema de refrigeración, Investigación y desarrollo de proyectos