Thesis Aplicación del proceso de soldadura por arco sumergido en la industria manufacturera
Loading...
Date
2017-11-20
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El crecimiento de la industria manufacturera nacional depende en gran medida de la capacidad interna que se tenga para producir con la mayor eficiencia posible reduciendo costos y gastos de producción. Esto es posible ya sea mejorando o integrando nuevos procesos que se orienten en esta dirección.
Bajo este precepto en la industria manufacturera metal-mecánica, las uniones a tope o de filete de placas largas, plataformas de puentes y barcazas, recipientes de presión, líneas de panel, tuberías, grandes tanques, construcción naval, vástagos y carcasas de cilindros y en general uniones de piezas con espesores de chapa desde 6 mm, pueden presentarse como procesos muy poco viables de desarrollar sin la implementación necesaria.
En respuesta a esta problemática se presenta el procedimiento de soldadura de alto rendimiento denominado Soldadura por Arco Sumergido o proceso SAW. Como muchos procesos de alto rendimiento se aplica, sobre todo, mecanizado o automatizado. Tiempos de soldadura inferiores en combinación con un tiempo de funcionamiento superior provocan que sea posible soldar cordones largos sin interrupción.
Básicamente el método SAW, consiste en la fusión de un electrodo continuo, que puede ser macizo o tubular, protegido por la escoria generada por un fundente granulado o en polvo, con el que se alimenta el arco por separado.
Como el arco está completamente cubierto por la capa de fundente el proceso toma el nombre de arco sumergido, no observándose durante la operación de soldar ni el arco, baño de fusión, chispas o gases. Además, dada esta capa que recubre el cordón de soldadura la pérdida de calor es extremadamente baja. Esto produce una eficiencia térmica del 60 % (en comparación, por ejemplo, con el 25 % del método MIG) a la vez, que se logran tasas de deposición de 100 Kg/hr a velocidades de desplazamiento muy altas de hasta 250 cm/min.
Tanto la calidad como el aspecto que se obtiene de las uniones con este procedimiento suele ser excelente.
Diferentes formas de aplicación del proceso, dependiendo de la cantidad de deposición necesaria y la geometría de la pieza hacen a este método muy versátil e interesante, a saber: SAW de un solo alambre, SAW de dos alambres, SAW de alambres en simultaneo, SAW en simultaneo de uno o dos alambres, SAW en simultaneo de dos alambres y SAW de varios alambres con el que se logran las máximas tasas de deposición.
Sumado a lo anterior, la inexistencia de capacitaciones especiales, más allá de una calificación de soldador 2G y un curso de manejo de los equipos, hacen que la aplicación de la Soldadura por Arco Sumergido sea tan simple como cualquier método de soldadura al arco.
The growth of the domestic manufacturing industry depends to a large extent on the internal capacity to produce as efficiently as possible, reducing costs and production costs. This is possible either by improving or integrating new processes that are oriented in this direction. Under this precept in the metal-mechanical manufacturing industry, butt joints or long plate fillet, bridge and barge platforms, pressure vessels, panel lines, pipes, large tanks, shipbuilding, cylinder rods and casings and in general, joints of pieces with sheet thicknesses from 6 mm can be presented as very unfeasible processes to develop without the necessary implementation. In response to this problem, the high-performance welding process called Submerged Arc Wel- ding or SAW process is presented. Like many high-performance processes, it is applied, above all, mechanized or automated. Lower welding times in combination with a longer operating time make it possible to weld long cords without interruption. Basically, the SAW method consists of the fusion of a continuous electrode, which can be solid or tubular, protected by the slag generated by a granular or powder flux, with which the arc is fed separately. As the arch is completely covered by the flux layer, the process takes the name of submerged arc, not observed during the welding operation nor the arc, melting bath, sparks or gases, in addition, given this layer that covers the cord of welding the heat loss is extremely low. This produces a thermal efficiency of 60 % (in comparison, for example, with 25 % of the MIG method) at the same time, that deposition rates of 100 Kg / hr are achieved at very high travel speeds up to 250 cm / min. Both the quality and the appearance obtained from the joints with this procedure is usually excellent. Different forms of application of the process, depending on the amount of deposition required and the geometry of the piece make this method very versatile and interesting, namely: single-wire SAW, two-wire SAW, simultaneous wire SAW, SAW in simultaneous of one or two wires, SAW in simultaneous of two wires and SAW of several wires with which the maximum deposition rates are achieved. In addition to the above, the lack of special training, beyond a 2G welder qualification and a course of equipment management, make the application of the Submerged Arc Welding as simple as any method of arc welding.
The growth of the domestic manufacturing industry depends to a large extent on the internal capacity to produce as efficiently as possible, reducing costs and production costs. This is possible either by improving or integrating new processes that are oriented in this direction. Under this precept in the metal-mechanical manufacturing industry, butt joints or long plate fillet, bridge and barge platforms, pressure vessels, panel lines, pipes, large tanks, shipbuilding, cylinder rods and casings and in general, joints of pieces with sheet thicknesses from 6 mm can be presented as very unfeasible processes to develop without the necessary implementation. In response to this problem, the high-performance welding process called Submerged Arc Wel- ding or SAW process is presented. Like many high-performance processes, it is applied, above all, mechanized or automated. Lower welding times in combination with a longer operating time make it possible to weld long cords without interruption. Basically, the SAW method consists of the fusion of a continuous electrode, which can be solid or tubular, protected by the slag generated by a granular or powder flux, with which the arc is fed separately. As the arch is completely covered by the flux layer, the process takes the name of submerged arc, not observed during the welding operation nor the arc, melting bath, sparks or gases, in addition, given this layer that covers the cord of welding the heat loss is extremely low. This produces a thermal efficiency of 60 % (in comparison, for example, with 25 % of the MIG method) at the same time, that deposition rates of 100 Kg / hr are achieved at very high travel speeds up to 250 cm / min. Both the quality and the appearance obtained from the joints with this procedure is usually excellent. Different forms of application of the process, depending on the amount of deposition required and the geometry of the piece make this method very versatile and interesting, namely: single-wire SAW, two-wire SAW, simultaneous wire SAW, SAW in simultaneous of one or two wires, SAW in simultaneous of two wires and SAW of several wires with which the maximum deposition rates are achieved. In addition to the above, the lack of special training, beyond a 2G welder qualification and a course of equipment management, make the application of the Submerged Arc Welding as simple as any method of arc welding.
Description
Keywords
Industria manufacturera, Soldadura de alto rendimiento, Automatización de procesos