Thesis Caracterización del tracking interfacial en aisladores compuestos con defectos internos para líneas HVDC
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Date
2026
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Eléctrica
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En los últimos años, Chile ha debido ampliar su capacidad de transmisión eléctrica para integrar nueva generación. En este contexto, la futura línea HVDC Kimal–Lo Aguirre ofrece ventajas para largas distancias, pero también plantea desafíos asociados al desempeño de los aisladores, elementos clave para la confiabilidad del sistema. Este trabajo estudia las zonas eléctricamente críticas de los aisladores compuestos, con especial énfasis en sus interfaces internas. Debido a la unión entre materiales con distintas propiedades dieléctricas, estas regiones pueden concentrar campo eléctrico y favorecer la aparición de descargas parciales, degradación interfacial y, eventualmente, ruptura dieléctrica. Para representar esta condición, se fabricaron probetas compuestas por silicona y resina epóxica, destinadas a emular la interfaz interna de un aislador compuesto. Inicialmente, las probetas fueron sometidas a ensayos bajo tensión alterna para validar su comportamiento mediante indicadores de descargas parciales e imágenes ópticas. Los diagramas PRPD, la tasa de repetición, la carga acumulada y otros métodos de análisis permitieron comprobar que la probeta presentó comportamientos compatibles con los fenómenos esperados bajo excitación AC. Posteriormente, se realizaron ensayos bajo tensión continua sin contaminación para establecer una condición base de la evolución del tracking interfacial. El análisis combinó diagramas PSA, mapas tiempo-frecuencia, indicadores de actividad de descargas parciales e imágenes ópticas de la interfaz, lo que permitió relacionar la evolución eléctrica con los procesos visibles de degradación. Estos resultados fueron utilizados como referencia para comparar el comportamiento de los ensayos contaminados. Finalmente, se desarrolló un método controlado de aplicación de contaminante en la interfaz. Los ensayos bajo tensión continua mostraron que las probetas contaminadas presentaron, en general, mayores tasas de repetición, mayor carga acumulada y una mayor propensión a la ruptura dieléctrica que el caso base. Además,(...).
In recent years, Chile has had to expand its electrical transmission capacity to integrate new generation sources. In this context, the future Kimal–Lo Aguirre HVDC transmission line offers significant advantages for long-distance power transfer, but it also introduces challenges related to insulator performance, which is a key factor in ensuring system reliability. This work investigates electrically critical regions within composite insulators, with particular emphasis on their internal interfaces. Due to the junction between materials with different dielectric properties, these regions may concentrate electric field stress and promote the occurrence of partial discharges, interfacial degradation, and eventually dielectric breakdown. To represent these conditions, test specimens composed of silicone rubber and epoxy resin were manufactured to emulate the internal interface of a composite insulator. Initially, the specimens were subjected to alternating current (AC) voltage tests to validate their behavior through partial discharge indicators and optical imaging. PRPD diagrams, repetition rate, accumulated charge, and other analysis methods confirmed that the specimens exhibited behaviors consistent with the expected phenomena under AC excitation. Subsequently, direct current (DC) tests were conducted without contamination to establish a baseline condition for the evolution of interfacial tracking. The analysis combined PSA diagrams, time–frequency maps, partial discharge activity indicators, and optical images of the interface, allowing the electrical evolution to be correlated with visible degradation processes. These results were used as a reference for comparison with the contaminated tests. Finally, a controlled method for applying contamination at the interface was developed. The DC tests showed that contaminated specimens generally exhibited higher repetition rates, greater accumulated charge, and a higher tendency toward dielectric breakdown than the baseline case. In addition,(...)
In recent years, Chile has had to expand its electrical transmission capacity to integrate new generation sources. In this context, the future Kimal–Lo Aguirre HVDC transmission line offers significant advantages for long-distance power transfer, but it also introduces challenges related to insulator performance, which is a key factor in ensuring system reliability. This work investigates electrically critical regions within composite insulators, with particular emphasis on their internal interfaces. Due to the junction between materials with different dielectric properties, these regions may concentrate electric field stress and promote the occurrence of partial discharges, interfacial degradation, and eventually dielectric breakdown. To represent these conditions, test specimens composed of silicone rubber and epoxy resin were manufactured to emulate the internal interface of a composite insulator. Initially, the specimens were subjected to alternating current (AC) voltage tests to validate their behavior through partial discharge indicators and optical imaging. PRPD diagrams, repetition rate, accumulated charge, and other analysis methods confirmed that the specimens exhibited behaviors consistent with the expected phenomena under AC excitation. Subsequently, direct current (DC) tests were conducted without contamination to establish a baseline condition for the evolution of interfacial tracking. The analysis combined PSA diagrams, time–frequency maps, partial discharge activity indicators, and optical images of the interface, allowing the electrical evolution to be correlated with visible degradation processes. These results were used as a reference for comparison with the contaminated tests. Finally, a controlled method for applying contamination at the interface was developed. The DC tests showed that contaminated specimens generally exhibited higher repetition rates, greater accumulated charge, and a higher tendency toward dielectric breakdown than the baseline case. In addition,(...)
Description
Keywords
Tensión continua, Descargas parciales, Interfaz interna, Contaminación, Aisladores compuestos, Tracking interfacial, Ruptura dieléctrica
