Thesis Guía para el diseño e instalacion de tanques de almacenamiento de combustibles según la norma API 650 aplicada en la industria nacional
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Date
2026-03
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Mecánica Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En un contexto donde la dependencia de combustibles fósiles supera el 90% y tiene predominancia en sectores como la minería, el transporte y la producción de energía, es crucial implementar herramientas que faciliten una gestión eficiente del almacenamiento de combustibles, garantizando así el suministro adecuado para el país en un plazo razonable. Por este motivo, la guía elaborada en esta memoria compila los antecedentes que justifican el diseño y la construcción de parques de almacenamiento. Además, proporciona las herramientas necesarias para establecer criterios y adquirir datos relevantes en el diseño de tanques. En particular, se centra en el diseño de tanques de almacenamiento de combustibles líquidos a presión atmosférica y temperaturas no superiores a 93°C. Para ello, se toma como referencia la norma API 650, que deberá complementarse con la normativa nacional para asegurar el cumplimiento de todos los estándares de diseño y seguridad. En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo una clasificación de los diferentes tipos de tanques disponibles que cumplen con los criterios previamente establecidos, así como la metodología de cálculo específica. En este caso, el proceso de cálculo de un tanque comienza con la definición clara de su capacidad de almacenamiento, el tipo de combustible que contendrá y el lugar donde será construido. Con esta información, se procede al diseño de sus componentes principales: la envolvente, el fondo y el techo. Es fundamental que el diseño de un tanque considere todas las cargas a las que podría estar expuesto, ya sean externas o generadas por la propia estructura. Cada tanque debe ser capaz de soportar estas cargas bajo las condiciones más adversas, asegurando así la integridad de la estructura y la seguridad del personal encargado. Finalmente, se incluye información sobre el proceso adecuado para la desarticulación de un tanque al final de su vida útil y se realiza un análisis de las fallas más comunes en este tipo de estructuras, proponiendo medidas adecuadas de prevención.
In a context where dependence on fossil fuels exceeds 90% and is predominant in sectors such as mining, transportation, and energy production, it is crucial to implement tools that facilitate efficient fuel storage management, thereby ensuring an adequate supply for the country within a reasonable timeframe. For this reason, the guide developed in this report compiles the background information that justifies the design and construction of storage facilities. In addition, it provides the necessary tools to establish criteria and gather relevant data for tank design. It focuses on the design of storage tanks for liquid fuels at atmospheric pressure and temperatures not exceeding 93°C. To this end, API 650 is used as a reference, which must be supplemented by national regulations to ensure compliance with all design and safety standards. First, a classification is carried out of the different types of tanks available that meet the previously established criteria, as well as the specific calculation methodology. In this case, the process of calculating a tank begins with a clear definition of its storage capacity, the type of fuel it will contain, and the location where it will be built. With this information, the design of its main components proceeds: the shell, the bottom, and the roof. It is essential that a tank’s design accounts for all loads to which it might be exposed, whether external or generated by the structure itself. Each tank must be capable of withstanding these loads under the most adverse conditions, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the tank and the safety of the personnel responsible for it. Finally, information is provided on the proper process for dismantling a tank at the end of its service life, and an analysis of the most common failures in this type of structure is conducted, proposing appropriate preventive measures.
In a context where dependence on fossil fuels exceeds 90% and is predominant in sectors such as mining, transportation, and energy production, it is crucial to implement tools that facilitate efficient fuel storage management, thereby ensuring an adequate supply for the country within a reasonable timeframe. For this reason, the guide developed in this report compiles the background information that justifies the design and construction of storage facilities. In addition, it provides the necessary tools to establish criteria and gather relevant data for tank design. It focuses on the design of storage tanks for liquid fuels at atmospheric pressure and temperatures not exceeding 93°C. To this end, API 650 is used as a reference, which must be supplemented by national regulations to ensure compliance with all design and safety standards. First, a classification is carried out of the different types of tanks available that meet the previously established criteria, as well as the specific calculation methodology. In this case, the process of calculating a tank begins with a clear definition of its storage capacity, the type of fuel it will contain, and the location where it will be built. With this information, the design of its main components proceeds: the shell, the bottom, and the roof. It is essential that a tank’s design accounts for all loads to which it might be exposed, whether external or generated by the structure itself. Each tank must be capable of withstanding these loads under the most adverse conditions, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the tank and the safety of the personnel responsible for it. Finally, information is provided on the proper process for dismantling a tank at the end of its service life, and an analysis of the most common failures in this type of structure is conducted, proposing appropriate preventive measures.
Description
Keywords
Almacenamiento de combustibles, Presión atmosférica, Cargas estructurales, Prevención y seguridad de procesos
