Thesis Evolución del ingreso de mujeres a carreras universitarias. Caso parvularia
Loading...
Date
2026-03-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En este estudio se analiza la evolución de la matrícula femenina en la carrera universitaria de Educación Parvularia en Chile en el periodo comprendido entre 2010 y 2024, con foco en cómo las políticas públicas, condiciones económicas y cambios institucionales se asocian con dicha evolución. Se utilizan los datos oficiales del SIES y fuentes públicas complementarias para obtener la muestra del estudio. La variable principal y dependiente es la matrícula femenina anual en Educación Parvularia y se estima un conjunto de modelos OLS (mínimos cuadrados ordinarios) con errores robustos para evaluar asociaciones con arancel real, remuneración esperada, PIB per cápita, gratuidad, vías de acceso (PACE, inclusión, articulación de TNS), tipo de institución, políticas públicas y fenómenos sociales. En la parte descriptiva, la carrera se mantiene fuertemente feminizada (cerca del 99 % del total de matriculados) con un salto puntual en 2018 y una caída transitoria en 2020, sin alterar la tendencia de fondo. En el ámbito econométrico, se observa una asociación negativa y significativa de la remuneración esperada con la matrícula femenina, mientras que arancel real y PIB per cápita no generan efectos considerables. La gratuidad aparece asociada a alzas graduales y a la estabilización de la matrícula, con efectos más claros para las universidades que participan del CRUCH que en universidades privadas, coherente con su cobertura. Las vías de acceso muestran efectos más bien en quiénes ingresan más que la cantidad que ingresa, por lo que no alteran el volumen total. Una comparación referencial(...).
In this study, the evolution of female enrollment in the university degree program of Education Parvularia in Chile is analyzed for the period between 2010 and 2024, focusing on how public policies, economic conditions, and institutional changes are associated with this evolution. Official SIES data and complementary public sources are used to obtain the study sample. The main and dependent variable is the annual female enrollment in Education Parvularia, and a set of OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) models with robust standard errors is estimated to evaluate associations with real tuition, expected remuneration, GDP per capita, tuition-free policies, access pathways (PACE, inclusion, articulation of TNS), type of institution, public policies, and social phenomena. In the descriptive part, the program remains strongly feminized (close to 99% of total enrollment) with a specific jump in 2018 and a temporary drop in 2020, without altering the underlying trend. In the econometric sphere, a negative and significant association is observed between expected remuneration and female enrollment, while real tuition and GDP per capita do not generate considerable effects. The tuition-free policy appears associated with gradual increases and the stabilization of enrollment, with clearer effects for the universities that participate in the CRUCH than in private universities, consistent with its coverage. The access pathways show effects more on who enrolls rather than the quantity that enrolls, so they do not alter the total volume. A referential comparison(...).
In this study, the evolution of female enrollment in the university degree program of Education Parvularia in Chile is analyzed for the period between 2010 and 2024, focusing on how public policies, economic conditions, and institutional changes are associated with this evolution. Official SIES data and complementary public sources are used to obtain the study sample. The main and dependent variable is the annual female enrollment in Education Parvularia, and a set of OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) models with robust standard errors is estimated to evaluate associations with real tuition, expected remuneration, GDP per capita, tuition-free policies, access pathways (PACE, inclusion, articulation of TNS), type of institution, public policies, and social phenomena. In the descriptive part, the program remains strongly feminized (close to 99% of total enrollment) with a specific jump in 2018 and a temporary drop in 2020, without altering the underlying trend. In the econometric sphere, a negative and significant association is observed between expected remuneration and female enrollment, while real tuition and GDP per capita do not generate considerable effects. The tuition-free policy appears associated with gradual increases and the stabilization of enrollment, with clearer effects for the universities that participate in the CRUCH than in private universities, consistent with its coverage. The access pathways show effects more on who enrolls rather than the quantity that enrolls, so they do not alter the total volume. A referential comparison(...).
Description
Keywords
Matrícula femenina, Educación Parvularia, Feminización, Gratuidad, Políticas de acceso, Mercado laboral, Distribución de género
