Thesis Análisis de brechas en flota de transporte mediante metodología de árbol de valor
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Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
La productividad en la industria minera se puede definir en términos generales, como la relación del producto, expresado en unidades físicas (toneladas de material extraído), con respecto al insumo expresado en horas efectivas de trabajo. Durante el último tiempo, la productividad en las faenas mineras ha bajado. Las faenas mineras nacionales requieren más del doble de horashombre que la muestra internacional para mover una tonelada de material.
Uno de los procesos más relevantes dentro de la cadena productiva minera es la operación de transporte en la mina, tanto por su influencia en el tiempo total, como su influencia en el costo total del proceso minero. Una mejora en el transporte significa un punto importante para considerar cuando se quiere aumentar la productividad y disminuir costos.
Uno de los procesos más relevantes dentro de la cadena productiva minera es la operación de transporte en la mina, tanto por su influencia en el tiempo total, como su influencia en el costo total del proceso minero. Una mejora en el transporte significa un punto importante para considerar cuando se quiere aumentar la productividad y disminuir costos.
La metodología Árbol de Valor consiste en la descomposición de parámetros de control operacional en niveles jerárquicos para identificar de manera visual y numérica las brechas existentes en un proceso. Para ello se definieron los parámetros más importantes dentro del proceso de transporte, separándolos en parámetros cuantificables y no cuantificables. Luego se construyeron niveles incorporando distintas actividades y relacionando las variables hacia la productividad diaria de la flota. Lo que busca determinar el Árbol de Valor es relacionar las distintas actividades, cuantificando las brechas respecto a un tonelaje transportado objetivo, de tal forma de priorizar según el impacto de estas actividades en el resultado final.
Se aplicó esta metodología en una mina de la industria nacional, identificando de manera rápida y eficaz los parámetros operacionales que afectan en mayor medida la productividad diaria de los camiones desde un punto vista técnico y económico. Se observó que gran parte de la brecha en el tonelaje transportado, fue provocada por una actividad en específico con más del 70% de influencia en la brecha total.
Productivity in the mining industry can be defined in general terms as the ratio of output, expressed in physical units (tons of material extracted), to input, expressed in effective working hours. In recent times, productivity at mining sites has declined. Domestic mining operations require more than twice as many man-hours as the international sample to move one ton of material. One of the most relevant processes within the mining production chain is the transportation operation in the mine, both for itsinfluence on the total time, as well as its influence on the total cost of the mining process. An improvement in transportation is an important point to consider when increasing productivity and reducing costs. The objective of this report is to develop a Value Tree methodology to analyze the operational management of a fleet of mining trucks, which will allow to analyze and assess the operational gaps of that fleet, identifying the impact of the gaps detected in the process, and thus prioritize the order of gap reduction. The Value Tree methodology consists of the decomposition of operational control parameters in hierarchical levels to identify the existing gaps visually and numerically in a process. To this end, the most important parameters within the transportation process were defined, separating them into quantifiable and non-quantifiable parameters. Levels were then built incorporating different activities and relating the variables to the daily productivity of the fleet. The purpose of the Value Tree is to relate the different activities by quantifying the gaps with respect to a target tonnage transported, to prioritize according to the impact of these activities on the result. This methodology was applied in a mine of the national industry, identifying quickly and efficiently the operational parameters that most affect the daily productivity of the trucks from a technical and economic point of view. It was observed that a large part of the gap in the tonnage transported was caused by a specific activity with more than 70% of influence in the total gap.
Productivity in the mining industry can be defined in general terms as the ratio of output, expressed in physical units (tons of material extracted), to input, expressed in effective working hours. In recent times, productivity at mining sites has declined. Domestic mining operations require more than twice as many man-hours as the international sample to move one ton of material. One of the most relevant processes within the mining production chain is the transportation operation in the mine, both for itsinfluence on the total time, as well as its influence on the total cost of the mining process. An improvement in transportation is an important point to consider when increasing productivity and reducing costs. The objective of this report is to develop a Value Tree methodology to analyze the operational management of a fleet of mining trucks, which will allow to analyze and assess the operational gaps of that fleet, identifying the impact of the gaps detected in the process, and thus prioritize the order of gap reduction. The Value Tree methodology consists of the decomposition of operational control parameters in hierarchical levels to identify the existing gaps visually and numerically in a process. To this end, the most important parameters within the transportation process were defined, separating them into quantifiable and non-quantifiable parameters. Levels were then built incorporating different activities and relating the variables to the daily productivity of the fleet. The purpose of the Value Tree is to relate the different activities by quantifying the gaps with respect to a target tonnage transported, to prioritize according to the impact of these activities on the result. This methodology was applied in a mine of the national industry, identifying quickly and efficiently the operational parameters that most affect the daily productivity of the trucks from a technical and economic point of view. It was observed that a large part of the gap in the tonnage transported was caused by a specific activity with more than 70% of influence in the total gap.
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Keywords
Planificación estratégica , KPI, Flota de transporte , Productividad