Aislador sísmico para la transición de muro a techo en muros de adobe

Abstract

The current situation of the construction industry is alarming. According to the “Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction 2019”, the construction sector is responsible for 39% of carbon dioxide emissions related to energy, processes, transportation and the manufacture of construction materials. Therefore, contributing to reverse this situation should be a priority for future professionals in the field. As a result of this, the present investigation is developed around the adobe masonry system. This system uses almost only the earth from soil to form a supporting structure, which is why it is positioned as a radically sustainable option, since it minimizes the use of materials with a greater carbon footprint, such as cement, steel and aluminum. The objective of this thesis is to develop a technological solution that allows the use of lightweight roofs in adobe masonry houses. It is intended to achieve a prototype that contributes to the earthquake resistance of the system and contributes to its use in new construction. As a work methodology, it is proposed to study the soil as a construction material, earthquakes and the construction system. Then, compile the state of the art of earthquake-resistant adobe and evaluate the system with lightweight roofing and its possible technological improvement through scale tests. Finally, develop a prototype at proof-of-concept level. In a practical way, the Soil Mechanics Laboratory was used to verify the quality of the soil to be used, and two scale seismic tests were carried out. Regarding the tests, the first model was almost identical to one already tested, with which results were compared, while the second underwent a constructive modification to improve its performance. Both tests had satisfactory results, remaining standing after the application of a magnitude 9.5 earthquake. Doubts regarding the behavior of the system when lightening the roof were cleared up, and favorable conclusions were shown regarding the use of the prototype designed from the results of the first test.